2010年-世界发展银行全球_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_-_The_Road_to_Europe___Transport_Sector_Review_-_Main_Report_108页_1mb

Bosnia and Herzegovina: the Road to Europe – Transport Sector Review Summary

Core Content

This report, Bosnia and Herzegovina: the Road to Europe, evaluates the current state and future prospects of the transport sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) with a focus on aligning it with European development standards and enhancing its sustainability and economic contribution. It outlines the challenges, strategic objectives, and action plans for improving the transport infrastructure and institutional framework across all modes of transport.

Main Challenges

• Harmonization with the acquis communautaire: The legal framework needs to be aligned with EU regulations.
• Complex institutional framework: Fragmented responsibilities between state and entity levels hinder coherent policy implementation.
• Lack of national transport strategy: No unified strategy has been adopted, leading to inconsistent planning and resource allocation.
• Poor road maintenance: Current expenditures are inadequate, and maintenance practices are inefficient.
• Road safety issues: High fatality rates and poor road conditions pose significant risks.
• Weak railway performance: Both in terms of operations and financial sustainability.
• Urban transport problems: Inefficient systems, lack of safety, and affordability issues.
• Underutilized inland waterways: Potential for development remains untapped.
• Limited private sector participation: Essential for funding and efficiency improvements.

Strategic Objectives

The report outlines three main strategic pillars for the transport sector:

I. Strengthening the Institutional Framework

• Streamlining the legal framework: Harmonize with EU regulations and clarify responsibilities across different levels.
• Simplifying the organizational structure: Reduce the number of entities involved in managing the road sector to improve efficiency and resource allocation.
• Revising the functional classification of the road network: Transition from an administrative to a functional classification system to better guide investment and resource use.

II. Improving the Sustainability of the Sector

• Enhancing road management: Develop a comprehensive road inventory and implement an asset management system with continuous monitoring and performance-based contracts.
• Prioritizing maintenance: Allocate sufficient domestic funding for routine, winter, and periodic maintenance to ensure long-term sustainability.
• Improving cost recovery: Adjust road user charges, particularly for heavy commercial vehicles, to reflect their impact on infrastructure.
• Boosting railway performance: Introduce profit centers, improve staff performance, reduce unprofitable lines, and formalize the separation of freight and passenger services.

III. Contributing to Broad-Based Economic Growth

• Developing the road network: Focus on the motorway/expressway program, especially Corridor Vc, to enhance connectivity and economic opportunities.
• Prioritizing economically viable projects: A list of 25 key road projects, based on their net present value (NPV), economic internal rate of return (EIRR), and benefit-cost (B/C) ratio, is provided for the next 20 years.
• Enhancing private sector participation: Encourage private investment through performance-based contracts and commercialization of infrastructure.
• Targeted railway investments: Focus on rehabilitation and modernization of key railway lines to meet European standards and improve service quality.

Key Projects and Investment Priorities

Priority Road Projects (2020 "Intermediate" Scenario)

Recommended Railway Investments (2010–2030)

Key Information

• Currency: Bosnia and Herzegovina Convertible Marks (BAM), with 1 BAM = 1.35840 USD and 1 USD = 0.694 EUR.
• Fiscal Year: January 1 to December 31.
• Legal and institutional reforms: Needed to reduce atomization and align with EU standards.
• Private sector participation: Crucial for funding, efficiency, and innovation.
• Road safety: A major challenge requiring improved management and investment.
• Transport Master Plan (BiHTMAP): First comprehensive attempt, but not officially adopted due to lack of consensus.
• Corridor Vc: A key national priority, with ongoing implementation of motorway sections.
• Economic performance: Projects are prioritized based on NPV, EIRR, and B/C ratio.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for a unified national transport strategy, institutional reform, and improved resource management to support sustainable economic growth and integration with Europe. It highlights the importance of private sector involvement, efficient maintenance, and modernization of both road and railway systems to ensure long-term viability and competitiveness.