拉丁美洲经济委员会-拉丁美洲和加勒比选定国家对二氧化碳清除方法对可持续发展目标的潜在影响的当前理解（英）-2021.7-274页_6mb

Summary of the Report: Current Understanding of the Potential Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Approaches on the SDGs in Selected Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean

Core Content

This report provides an analysis of the potential impacts of Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) approaches on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in selected countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), specifically Argentina and Colombia. It is a collaborative effort between the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the Carnegie Climate Governance Initiative (C2G), with contributions from several experts and institutions.

The study aims to identify and assess four CDR approaches that are most relevant to the LAC region, focusing on their economic, social, and environmental impacts, particularly in terms of employment, GDP, costs, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions removal, and their alignment with the SDGs. The report also outlines the current status of knowledge and development in these countries, and provides a suggested phasing for large-scale CDR deployment.

Main CDR Approaches Analyzed

The following CDR approaches were analyzed:

• Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting forests to increase carbon storage in biomass.
• Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): Using biomass for energy generation and capturing the resulting CO₂ for storage.
• Enhancing Soil Carbon Content with Biochar: Producing biochar through pyrolysis and adding it to soil to increase carbon levels.
• Enhanced Weathering or Ocean Alkalinization: Accelerating natural carbon uptake through mineral manipulation.

Selected Countries in LAC

Argentina

• Experiences ongoing deforestation and forest degradation, despite mitigation efforts.
• Has significant potential for CDR through afforestation, reforestation, bioenergy, and biochar.
• Strong emphasis on extractive industries, including coal and shale gas.
• Agriculture and livestock contribute significantly to GHG emissions.
• Challenges include reliance on primary production and export commoditization.

Colombia

• Faces similar deforestation and degradation issues.
• Has active afforestation and reforestation initiatives, including mangrove restoration.
• Significant biomass and bioenergy potential, especially from agricultural residues.
• Has a robust regulatory framework and ongoing projects related to CDR.

Key Findings

• Knowledge Gaps: Both countries show varying levels of knowledge and development on CDR approaches, with some areas being more advanced than others.
• Impact Analysis: CDR implementation could have significant positive and negative impacts on key indicators such as employment, GDP, costs, and GHG emissions.
• SDG Alignment: CDR approaches may contribute to multiple SDGs, particularly those related to climate action (SDG 13), sustainable land use (SDG 15), and economic growth (SDG 8).
• Challenges and Risks: Large-scale CDR deployment could lead to socio-economic and environmental consequences, including land use changes, water resource impacts, and potential saturation of carbon sinks.

Methodology

• The study is structured in three main phases:
  1. Current Status of Knowledge and Development: Reviewing existing knowledge and development status of CDR approaches at the national level.
  2. CDR Analysis: Assessing the sequestration capacity and impact factors of each CDR approach in the selected countries.
  3. Implications Analysis: Conducting a comparative analysis of the economic, social, and environmental implications of CDR approaches.

Recommendations

• The report suggests the need for further research to reduce knowledge gaps.
• It recommends the formulation of generic recommendations for governments in the region to incentivize and govern the incorporation of CDR approaches into national climate strategies.
• It emphasizes the importance of integrating CDR into NDCs and green recovery plans.

Limitations

• The analysis is based on available data and may not account for all future scenarios.
• Some CDR approaches are still in early stages of development and lack comprehensive data.
• The report does not consider all CDR methods, particularly those related to industrial processes and building materials.

Conclusion

This report highlights the potential of CDR approaches to contribute to the SDGs in Argentina and Colombia, while also acknowledging the challenges and risks associated with their implementation. It serves as a foundation for further research and policy development in the region.