【WHO世卫组织】2019-2030年促进难民和移民健康全球行动计划

WHO Global Action Plan on Promoting the Health of Refugees and Migrants, 2019–2030

Core Content

The WHO Global Action Plan on Promoting the Health of Refugees and Migrants, 2019–2030, outlines a comprehensive strategy to address the health needs of refugees and migrants globally. It builds on previous resolutions and decisions, including the 2017 New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, and aligns with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Thirteenth General Programme of Work (2019–2023). The plan emphasizes the importance of health as a fundamental human right and a key component of migration governance and humanitarian efforts.

Main Objectives

• To promote the health of refugees and migrants through a mix of short-term and long-term public health interventions.
• To ensure continuity and quality of essential health care services.
• To mainstream refugee and migrant health into global, regional, and national agendas.
• To enhance capacity to address social determinants of health and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 (Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages).
• To strengthen health monitoring and information systems.
• To support evidence-based health communication and counter misinformation.

Key Information

• Global Context: As of 2017, international migrants accounted for 3.4% of the global population, up from 2.8% in 2000. There were 68.5 million forcibly displaced people, including 25.4 million refugees and 10 million stateless individuals.
• Health Challenges: Refugees and migrants often face barriers to accessing health care, including legal status, language, cultural differences, high costs, discrimination, and administrative hurdles. They may also be at higher risk for communicable and non-communicable diseases, mental health issues, and poor working conditions.
• Health Equity: Access to health care should not be based on nationality, but on legal status and national legislation. The plan supports the principle of universal health coverage (UHC) and the right to health for all individuals, regardless of migration status.
• Interagency Collaboration: The plan is developed in collaboration with the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and other relevant stakeholders. It is aligned with WHO's role as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work.

Main Priorities

Priority 1: Promote the health of refugees and migrants through a mix of short-term and long-term public health interventions

• Objective: Strengthen health care services to promote the physical and mental health of refugees and migrants.
• Key Activities:
  • Enhance coordination and collaboration to achieve UHC and the principle of "leaving no one behind".
  • Develop emergency and humanitarian health responses based on established frameworks.
  • Improve access to essential health services, including vaccination, disease prevention, mental health care, and sexual and reproductive health services.

Priority 2: Promote continuity and quality of essential health care, while developing, reinforcing and implementing occupational health and safety measures

• Objective: Ensure the continuity and quality of health care for refugees and migrants, and prevent occupational and work-related diseases.
• Key Activities:
  • Develop quality essential health care services with access to referral systems and psychological care.
  • Facilitate cross-border dialogue and collaboration to improve care continuity and patient tracking.
  • Support the development of national action plans and strengthen institutional capacities for occupational and primary health care services.

Priority 3: Advocate the mainstreaming of refugee and migrant health into global, regional and country agendas

• Objective: Promote refugee-sensitive and migrant-sensitive health policies, legal and social protection, and the well-being of women, children, and adolescents.
• Key Activities:
  • Advocate for gender equality and empowerment of women and girls.
  • Encourage intersectoral, intercountry, and interagency coordination and collaboration.
  • Develop policies and legal frameworks that support the health and rights of refugees and migrants.

Priority 4: Enhance capacity to tackle the social determinants of health

• Objective: Address social determinants of health and accelerate progress towards achieving the SDGs, including UHC.
• Key Activities:
  • Focus on risk groups such as women, children, and persons with disabilities.
  • Develop tools and indicators aligned with international legal responsibilities and commitments.

Priority 5: Strengthen health monitoring and information systems

• Objective: Improve health data collection, monitoring, and reporting systems for refugees and migrants.
• Key Activities:
  • Enhance the capacity of health information systems.
  • Ensure data is used to inform policy and improve health outcomes.

Priority 6: Support measures to improve evidence-based health communication

• Objective: Counter misinformation and promote accurate health communication.
• Key Activities:
  • Develop evidence-based health communication strategies.
  • Address negative perceptions about migrant and refugee health through targeted messaging.

Conclusion

The WHO Global Action Plan on Promoting the Health of Refugees and Migrants, 2019–2030, provides a structured approach to addressing the health needs of these vulnerable populations. It emphasizes the importance of international cooperation, policy alignment, and the integration of health into broader migration and development strategies. The plan aims to improve health outcomes, ensure access to essential services, and promote the well-being of refugees and migrants globally.