UNWTO-2019年全球女性参与旅游业报告（英文）-2019.12-192页_4mb

Summary of the Global Report on Women in Tourism - Second Edition

Core Content

The Global Report on Women in Tourism - Second Edition is a comprehensive analysis of the role of women in the tourism sector, focusing on gender equality, women's empowerment, and the sector's contribution to the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The report was commissioned by UNWTO, UN Women, World Bank Group, Amadeus, and BMZ, implemented by GIZ, and includes contributions from regional experts and case studies from 18 countries.

The report is structured into five thematic areas and explores trends across four world regions: Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Europe. It also delves into four key tourism industries: digital platforms and technology, hotels and accommodation, tour operators, and community-based tourism.

Main Findings

Key Finding 1

Women constitute the majority of the tourism workforce globally, with 54% of tourism workers being women. However, they are underpaid, underrepresented in leadership, and often relegated to lower-level roles. A gender-sensitive macroeconomic environment is positively correlated with women's employment in tourism.

• Recommendation: Implement strategies to promote decent work for women across all aspects of the tourism sector.
• SDG Targets: SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Decent Work), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities)

Key Finding 2

Gender-sensitive legal and macroeconomic policies at the national level significantly enhance women's economic empowerment in tourism when effectively implemented.

• Recommendation: Include tourism in gender-sensitive legal and macroeconomic policies to support gender equality and women's empowerment.
• SDG Targets: SDG 5, SDG 8, SDG 11

Key Finding 3

Investment in skills and leadership training for women, including soft skills and awareness of training opportunities, leads to greater outcomes for gender equality.

• Recommendation: Develop skills and leadership training for women in tourism and gender equality training for tourism representatives in both public and private sectors.
• SDG Targets: SDG 5, SDG 8, SDG 11

Key Finding 4

Gender equality strategies in tourism are essential for women's empowerment and must be supported by institutional and budgetary resources.

• Recommendation: Mainstream gender equality considerations in national tourism policies and plans, ensuring sufficient human and financial resources for implementation.
• SDG Targets: SDG 5, SDG 8, SDG 11

Key Finding 5

Women can be politically and socially empowered through tourism when connected with the broader community and civil society organizations.

• Recommendation: Support grassroots women's organizations in tourism communities and facilitate women's participation and leadership in trade unions.
• SDG Targets: SDG 5, SDG 8, SDG 11

Key Finding 6

Access to gender-sensitive training and appropriate technology can create new opportunities for women's innovation and empowerment in the digital age.

• Recommendation: Increase women's participation in digital technology training and address issues of access and usage of technology.
• SDG Targets: SDG 5, SDG 8, SDG 11

Key Finding 7

The availability of sex-disaggregated tourism data is crucial for better-targeted gender equality interventions and for promoting women's empowerment.

• Recommendation: Strengthen national capacity to research and report on gender-disaggregated tourism data.
• SDG Targets: SDG 5, SDG 8, SDG 11

Gender Pay Gap

• Women in tourism earn 14.7% less than men.
• Women in the broader economy earn 16.8% less than men.
• The gender wage gap is narrower in tourism than in the broader economy.

Women in Leadership

• 23% of tourism ministers are women (up from 21% in 2010).
• This is slightly higher than the overall proportion of women in government (20.7%).

Women in Entrepreneurship

• Women are the majority of tourism entrepreneurs, often running smaller-scale businesses.
• However, they are underrepresented in senior management positions.
• The growth in women's tourism entrepreneurship is higher than in the broader economy.

Women in Education and Training

• Women are the majority of tourism students but often lack high-level and soft skills training.
• Training is essential for career progression and success in the sector.

Challenges and Opportunities

• Unpaid care work is a significant challenge for women in tourism, affecting their work-life balance.
• Intersectionality is important in addressing gender equality in tourism, as women's experiences vary based on location, ethnicity, nationality, and other identity markers.
• Collaboration between women's groups, NGOs, and other sectors is vital for advancing gender equality and women's empowerment in tourism.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, institutional support, and data collection to ensure that tourism contributes to gender equality and women's empowerment. It highlights the importance of integrating a gender perspective into tourism policies, practices, and research to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

Key Recommendations

1. Implement strategies to promote decent work for women in tourism.
2. Include tourism in gender-sensitive legal and macroeconomic policies.
3. Develop skills and leadership training for women in tourism.
4. Mainstream gender equality in national tourism policies and plans.
5. Support grassroots women's organizations and trade unions.
6. Increase women's participation in digital technology training.
7. Strengthen national capacity to collect and use gender-disaggregated tourism data.

Supporting Partners

• UN Women
• World Bank Group
• Amadeus
• German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)
• Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

Acknowledgments

The report was authored by Dr. Lucy Ferguson and supported by regional experts from Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean. It was enriched by case studies and data from numerous individuals and organizations, including Airbnb, which provided sex-disaggregated data.

Methodology

The report combines quantitative data analysis, literature review, and 25 in-depth case studies from 18 countries. It also addresses SDG 5, SDG 8, and SDG 11 as central to the tourism sector's contribution to sustainable development.

Data Limitations

• National sex-disaggregated tourism data is limited.
• The report uses alternative data sources and highlights the need for improved data collection and reporting.

Conclusion

This report provides an updated and broader understanding of the role of women in tourism and the steps necessary to promote gender equality and women's empowerment. It serves as a valuable resource for stakeholders aiming to advance gender equality in the tourism sector.