2024-03-07-亚开行-哈萨克斯坦和亚洲开发银行（1994-2024）_30年的伙伴关系（英）_12页_1mb

Summary of Kazakhstan and ADB Partnership (1994-2024)

Core Content

Kazakhstan gained independence in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union and faced significant challenges in transitioning from a centrally planned to a market economy. To address these challenges, the country sought international support, leading to its joining of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) on 19 January 1994. This marked the beginning of a long-term and successful partnership that has spanned over 30 years.

Key Achievements

ADB has provided substantial support to Kazakhstan in various sectors, with a cumulative assistance of over $6.8 billion as of 1 December 2023. The support includes grants, technical assistance, and lending commitments, focusing on areas such as:

• Public sector management: $2.6 billion
• Transport: $2.2 billion
• Finance: $1.2 billion
• Energy: $427.5 million
• Agriculture, natural resources, and rural development: $191.5 million
• Water and other urban infrastructure services: $38.9 million
• Multisector: $60.3 million
• Education: $67.6 million
• Trade and supply chain finance program: $15 million

ADB's efforts have led to the construction and upgrading of >2,000 kilometers of roads, improving regional connectivity and trade facilitation to 460,000 tons of cross-border cargo per year. Additionally, over 65,000 people in rural areas gained access to safe drinking water, and more than 2,000 government officials received capacity-building training.

Women Empowerment and SME Support

ADB has played a crucial role in supporting women and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs):

• 20 Women Entrepreneurship Development Centers were established across the country.
• 30,000 SMEs received business development support.
• Over 3,200 women borrowers have benefited from home acquisition programs.
• ADB issued its first local currency gender bond to finance mortgage loans for women and collaborated with the KMFi microfinance organization to expand credit access for SMEs.

Environmental and Climate Initiatives

ADB has supported Kazakhstan in its environmental and climate change efforts:

• 150,000 tons of CO₂e per year have been avoided through ADB-assisted projects.
• Two major solar power projects, Baikonyr Solar and M-KAT Solar, have received ADB financing to increase the share of renewable energy in the country's energy mix.
• ADB also supported the replacement of an inefficient coal-fired power plant with gas turbine units in Almaty, delivering environmental and health benefits.

Pandemic Assistance

During the COVID-19 pandemic, ADB provided critical assistance to vulnerable groups:

• 145,000 medical kits were distributed to support public health and social welfare measures.

Strategic Partnerships and Programs

• Kazakhstan joined the Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation Program (CAREC), which has seen investments of about $10 billion.
• ADB hosted the 47th ADB Board of Governors' Annual Meeting with the theme "The Silk Road: Connecting Asia with a Changing World."
• ADB launched the Knowledge and Experience Exchange Program in partnership with the Government of Kazakhstan to support development strategies.
• ADB signed a Partnership Framework Agreement with Kazakhstan, establishing a new partnership paradigm through a cofinancing framework arrangement.

Country Partnership Strategy (2023-2027)

ADB's new Country Partnership Strategy for 2023-2027 aims to address the needs of Kazakhstan as an upper middle-income country. The strategy focuses on:

• Enhancing economic resilience
• Addressing climate change
• Improving governance
• Boosting human development
• Reducing inequalities

The implementation of this strategy will benefit from ADB's New Operating Model, which emphasizes greater flexibility and improved coordination with other development partners.

ADB's Role in Kazakhstan

ADB's Kazakhstan Resident Mission (KARM) is based in Astana with a branch in Almaty. KARM is responsible for:

• Country partnership strategy development
• Programming and portfolio management
• Knowledge management
• Coordination with other development partners
• Engagement with local stakeholders such as academic institutions, think tanks, and civil society

About ADB

The Asian Development Bank (ADB), established in 1966, is owned by 68 members, with 49 from the Asia-Pacific region. ADB's main instruments include:

• Policy dialogue
• Loans
• Equity investments
• Guarantees
• Grants
• Technical assistance

ADB's mission is to achieve a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific while working to eradicate extreme poverty.

Key Information

• Total ADB assistance: $6.8 billion
• Roads built or upgraded: >2,000 kilometers
• Trade facilitation: 460,000 tons of cross-border cargo/year
• Access to safe drinking water: 65,000 people in rural areas
• Women entrepreneurship development centers: 20
• SMEs supported: 30,000
• Medical kits distributed: 145,000
• First local currency bonds issued: 6 billion tenge
• First nonsovereign local currency transaction: with Samruk-Energy
• First gender bond issued: on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange
• First policy-based loan approved: to support fiscal governance and financial sector reforms

Conclusion

Over the past 30 years, ADB has been a vital partner in Kazakhstan's development, contributing to economic growth, infrastructure improvement, environmental protection, and social welfare. The partnership has enabled Kazakhstan to address key challenges and position itself as a regional leader in economic and social development. Looking ahead, ADB will continue to support Kazakhstan in its efforts to build a more inclusive and sustainable modern economy through its updated Country Partnership Strategy.