2014年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Czech_Republic_Country_Profile_2013_15页_1mb

Czech Republic Country Profile 2013 Summary

Core Content Overview

The Czech Republic Country Profile 2013 is a comprehensive report from the World Bank and IFC (International Finance Corporation) that evaluates the business environment in the country through the lens of Enterprise Surveys. These surveys collect data from a representative sample of non-agricultural formal private firms across various sectors, including manufacturing, services, and transportation and construction. The report compares the Czech Republic's performance with other countries in the High income: OECD group and the broader High income group.

Key Topics Covered

• Business Environment Obstacles: Identifies the main challenges firms face, such as corruption, regulations, and infrastructure issues.
• Average Firm: Provides insights into the typical firm in the Czech Republic, including firm age, gender representation in management and ownership, and ownership structure.
• Infrastructure: Assesses the reliability and efficiency of essential services like electricity, water, and telephone connections.
• Trade: Evaluates the impact of trade activities on firms, including export and import processes, and the associated costs and risks.
• Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing: Analyzes the time and cost involved in regulatory compliance and the prevalence of different business structures.
• Corruption: Measures the incidence of bribes and informal payments required by firms to operate.
• Crime and Informality: Examines the impact of crime on business operations and the extent of informality in the economy.
• Finance: Looks at how firms access financial resources and the cost of collateral for loans.
• Innovation and Workforce: Reviews the use of technology and the composition of the workforce in terms of contracts and gender.

Main Findings and Key Indicators

Corruption Indicators

• Incidence of Graft Index: 4.5 (Czech Republic), which is lower than the OECD average (10.4) and the High income average (9.5).
• Gifts to Tax Inspectors: 0.4% of firms expect to give gifts, slightly below the OECD and High income averages.
• Gifts to Secure Government Contracts: 11.1% of firms expect to give gifts, which is in line with the OECD average (12.2) and slightly above the High income average (11.3).
• Gifts to Obtain Construction Permit: 3.7%, lower than the OECD average (1.6) and the High income average (7.4).
• Gifts to Obtain Import License: 8.8%, which is higher than the OECD average (1.8) and the High income average (6.2).
• Gifts to Obtain Operating License: 6.7%, slightly above the OECD average (2.4) and the High income average (6.6).

Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

• Days to Obtain Import License: 30.7 (Czech Republic), which is faster than the OECD average (20.3) and the High income average (21.2).
• Days to Obtain Construction-related Permit: 74.4 (Czech Republic), which is significantly higher than the OECD average (138.2) and the High income average (124.2).
• Days to Obtain Operating License: 20.8 (Czech Republic), which is faster than the OECD average (53.3) and the High income average (43.8).
• Senior Management Time Spent on Government Regulation: 13.9%, slightly above the OECD (10.4) and High income (9.5) averages.
• Average Number of Meetings with Tax Officials: 0.9, slightly higher than the OECD and High income averages.
• Legal Forms: The majority of firms are closed shareholding companies (86.1%), while sole proprietorships account for 13.8%. The proportion of open shareholding companies is very low (0.0%).

Average Firm Indicators

• Age of Firms: 16.5 years, with small firms averaging 16.6, medium 15.7, and large 20.7 years.
• Female Top Managers: 11.6%, with small firms at 12.5%, medium at 11.3%, and large at 5.5%.
• Female Participation in Ownership: 30.7%, with small firms at 28.5%, medium at 35.5%, and large at 26.4%.
• Ownership Structure:
  • Private Domestic: 85.0%
  • Private Foreign: 14.9%
  • Government/State: 0.0%
  • Other: 0.1%

Finance Indicators

• Internal Finance for Investment: 60.4%, with small firms at 61.4%, medium at 57.5%, and large at 69.0%.
• Bank Finance for Investment: 23.1%, with small firms at 20.2%, medium at 28.1%, and large at 20.0%.
• Trade Credit for Investment: 4.6%, with small firms at 5.2%, medium at 4.6%, and large at 0.3%.
• Equity, Sale of Stock for Investment: 3.1%, with small firms at 1.0%, medium at 6.6%, and large at 1.5%.
• Other Financing for Investment: 8.7%, with small firms at 12.3%, medium at 3.2%, and large at 9.3%.
• External Working Capital Financing: 25.6%, with small firms at 23.9%, medium at 27.1%, and large at 35.9%.
• Collateral Required for Loans: 158.0% of loan amount, with small firms at 165.7%, medium at 152.8%, and large at 124.3%.
• Firms with Bank Loans/Line of Credit: 55.1%, with small firms at 50.9%, medium at 62.0%, and large at 55.4%.
• Firms with Checking or Savings Account: 97.8%, with small firms at 98.1%, medium at 99.5%, and large at 87.5%.

Infrastructure Indicators

• Power Outages per Month: 0.4, with small firms at 0.4, medium at 0.2, and large at 0.7.
• Value Lost Due to Power Outages (% of Sales): 0.2, with small firms at 0.1, medium at 0.2, and large at 0.9.
• Water Shortages per Month: 0.0 for all firm sizes.
• Average Duration of Water Shortage (hours): 0.5, with small firms at 0.1, medium at 1.0, and large at 0.6.
• Delay in Obtaining Electrical Connection: 58.0 days, with small firms at 52.1, medium at 66.9, and large at 32.2.
• Delay in Obtaining Water Connection: 25.5 days, with small firms at 53.7, medium at 10.5, and large at 21.2.
• Delay in Obtaining Mainline Telephone Connection: Not applicable (N/A) for all firm sizes, but the OECD average is 13.3 days and the High income average is 17.1 days.

Trade Indicators

• Exporter Firms: 51.4%, with small firms at 43.8%, medium at 60.6%, and large at 68.0%.
• Use of Foreign Material Inputs/Supplies: 80.0%, with small firms at 68.5%, medium at 88.5%, and large at 100.0%.
• Average Time to Clear Direct Exports Through Customs: 11.3 days, with small firms at 7.2, medium at 13.3, and large at 13.6.
• Average Time to Clear Imports from Customs (days): 8.7 days, with small firms at 4.0, medium at 14.2, and large at 6.1.
• Losses During Direct Export Due to Theft: 0.1%, with small firms at 0.1%, medium at 0.1%, and large at 0.2%.
• Losses During Direct Export Due to Breakage or Spoilage: 0.5%, with small firms at 0.4%, medium at 0.4%, and large at 0.7%.

Crime and Informality Indicators

• Firms Believing the Court System is Fair: 42.1%, with small firms at 38.2%, medium at 45.2%, and large at 61.6%.
• Security Costs (% of Sales): 0.7%, with small firms at 0.7%, medium at 0.6%, and large at 1.1%.
• Losses Due to Theft, Robbery, etc. (% of Sales): 0.5%, with small firms at 0.5%, medium at 0.7%, and large at 0.1%.
• Formally Registered When Started Operations: 98.9%, with small firms at 98.1%, medium at 100.0%, and large at 100.0%.

Innovation and Workforce Indicators

• Internationally Recognized Quality Certification: 40.9%, with small firms at 22.4%, medium at 61.6%, and large at 87.7%.
• Annual Financial Statement Reviewed by External Auditor: 47.6%, with small firms at 38.9%, medium at 53.9%, and large at 86.1%.
• Use of Own Website: 91.0%, with small firms at 87.5%, medium at 97.3%, and large at 88.9%.
• Use of Email for Communication: 95.9%, with small firms at 96.0%, medium at 97.2%, and large at 89.3%.
• Average Number of Temporary Workers: 1.1, with small firms at 1.0, medium at 1.3, and large at 1.1.
• Average Number of Permanent, Full-Time Workers: 37.9, with small firms at 10.9, medium at 39.1, and large at 274.9.
• % of Full-Time Female Workers: 34.8%, with small firms at 37.6%, medium at 32.2%, and large at 22.1%.

Conclusion

The Czech Republic's business environment is generally favorable, with firms reporting relatively low levels of corruption and efficient access to infrastructure and financial services. However, there are still areas for improvement, particularly in regulatory processes and the time required for business licensing. The report highlights the importance of a supportive business environment for firm productivity and economic growth, and it serves as a valuable resource for policymakers and researchers aiming to enhance the private sector's performance.