2025-02-16-世界银行-科索沃_2024年教育数字化准备评估（英）_98页_1mb

Kosovo: Education Digital Readiness Assessment 2024 Summary

Core Content

This report provides an in-depth assessment of Kosovo's digital readiness in the basic education system, identifying key barriers, opportunities, and recommendations to support its digital transformation. The assessment is based on the Education's Digital Readiness Assessment (EDRA) framework, which evaluates five pillars: Leadership and Governance, Enabling Infrastructure, Human Capacity, Education Service Delivery and School Digital Maturity, and EdTech Markets and Innovative Business Models. The findings are structured to support strategic policy dialogue and guide near- to medium-term actions for improving education outcomes through digitalization.

Main Viewpoints

• Digital Readiness Level: Kosovo's basic education system is at an emerging level of digital readiness, with an overall score of 1.7 on a 4-point scale.
• Digital Skills Gap: There is a notable decline in foundational learning outcomes in PISA from 2015 to 2022, and students' digital skills are below expectations for their country's development level.
• Workforce Digital Needs: Only 31% of the working-age population is employed, and two-thirds of workers require significant digital upskilling, the highest in the Western Balkans.
• Digitalization Challenges: The system faces challenges in policy alignment, financial resources, institutional capacity, infrastructure standards, and human capital development.
• EU Alignment and Future Skills: Digitalization is crucial for EU alignment and for equipping students with skills relevant to the evolving labor market, especially in STEM and ICT fields.

Key Information

1. Digital Skills Analysis (DiSA)

• Learners: Students show limited confidence in using digital resources and lack access to locally relevant digital learning materials.
• Teachers: There is a need for improved digital pedagogy training and support to integrate technology into teaching practices.
• School Management: There is a lack of clarity in roles and responsibilities for digitalization across institutions, and capacity for data governance and management is low.

2. Education's Digital Readiness Assessment (EDRA)

Pillar 1: Leadership and Governance

• Key Insights: There is a lack of strategic focus and alignment in digitalization policies across MESTI, MEDs, and other relevant institutions.
• Recommendations:
  • Establish a steering and collaboration mechanism among key stakeholders.
  • Improve national registries and data governance policies.
  • Strengthen institutional capacity for policy design and implementation.
  • Appoint a Chief Information Officer in MESTI.
  • Update legislation and implement monitoring mechanisms.

Pillar 2: Enabling Infrastructure

• Key Insights: Internet connectivity is improving, but quality and affordability are still issues. Digital infrastructure for education is inadequate, and there is a lack of standardized protocols for IT, cybersecurity, and data governance.
• Recommendations:
  • Develop an enterprise architecture plan to enhance digital capacity and data governance.
  • Create a tailored framework for digital infrastructure development in schools.
  • Strengthen the national education registry (EMIS) and improve data analysis capacity.
  • Implement an open data policy for transparency and innovation.
  • Ensure school connectivity and cybersecurity while aligning with strategic plans.

Pillar 3: Human Capacity

• Key Insights: While education leadership shows professionalism, stakeholder responsibilities for digitalization are unclear. There is a lack of skills development, guidance, and parental engagement in digital initiatives.
• Recommendations:
  • Enhance digitalization capabilities in MESTI, local governments, and schools.
  • Clarify roles and responsibilities for the digital department within MESTI.
  • Improve teacher training and curriculum development.
  • Encourage parental and community engagement through citizen-level digital competence initiatives.
  • Promote STEM education and ICT career awareness among students, especially girls.

Pillar 4: Education Service Delivery and School Digital Maturity

• Key Insights: Schools lack sufficient digital infrastructure and comprehensive digital learning environments. Teachers are not well-equipped to use digital tools for pedagogy and administration.
• Recommendations:
  • Invest in school digital infrastructure and digital learning materials.
  • Provide technological support for teachers to integrate digital tools into their practices.
  • Implement upskilling measures for teachers to enhance digital pedagogy.
  • Develop a clear delivery model for digital learning with defined roles for content creators, developers, and oversight bodies.
  • Create a digital repository for learning materials to improve access for educators and students.
  • Ensure inclusive digital learning for students with special needs through accessibility tools.

Pillar 5: EdTech Markets and Innovative Business Models

• Key Insights: There is a lack of shared standards for digital competencies and a research-driven approach to policy development. Monitoring and evaluation systems are not rigorous enough.
• Recommendations:
  • Develop and implement a digital competence framework tailored to Kosovo's needs.
  • Introduce a digital assessment system to monitor and evaluate student competencies.
  • Foster collaboration among sectors with expertise in pedagogy, digital design, and technology.
  • Encourage innovative business models in EdTech to support sustainable development.

Conclusion

Kosovo's education system is at an emerging stage of digital readiness, with significant potential for improvement. The report emphasizes the need for strategic alignment, policy coherence, financial support, and capacity building across all levels of the education system. By addressing these gaps, Kosovo can enhance educational outcomes, digital inclusion, and future workforce readiness.

Key Recommendations Summary

• Establish a cross-sectoral steering mechanism for digitalization.
• Develop a comprehensive digital infrastructure plan aligned with education goals.
• Enhance digital skills and competencies for students, teachers, and administrators.
• Strengthen data governance and management across the system.
• Implement digital learning environments and inclusive digital tools.
• Promote STEM and ICT career awareness, especially among girls.
• Foster collaboration and research to guide digital education policies and practices.