亚开行-两性平等和残疾包容：满足残疾妇女和女孩特殊需求的准则（英）-2024.5-130页_1mb

Summary of "Gender Equality and Disability Inclusion: Guidelines to Address the Specific Needs of Women and Girls with Disabilities"

Core Content

These guidelines, published by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in May 2024, aim to address the specific needs of women and girls with disabilities by promoting gender- and disability-responsive development across various sectors. The document is grounded in the principles of intersectionality and emphasizes the importance of including the voices of women with disabilities in all stages of development programming.

Main Purpose and Scope

• Purpose: To inform ADB staff, government officials, and development partners about the barriers faced by women and girls with disabilities in development programs and to provide strategies for empowering them.
• Scope: The guidelines focus on five key areas:
  • Economic empowerment
  • Gender equality in decision-making and leadership
  • Time poverty and drudgery reduction
  • Resilience to external shocks
  • Elimination of harmful social norms and gender-based violence (GBV)

The guidelines are structured to support the implementation of ADB’s Strategy 2030, particularly Operational Plan 2 (OP2), which is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG5) on gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls.

Key International and Regional Normative Frameworks

The guidelines are informed by several international and regional frameworks, including:

• Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)
• Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995)
• Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
• Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
• 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
• Incheon Strategy (2012) to "Make the Right Real" for persons with disabilities in Asia and the Pacific
• Charter and Guidelines on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action
• Pacific Framework for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2016-2025)
• Beijing Declaration, including the Action Plan to Accelerate the Implementation of the Incheon Strategy (2017)
• Jakarta Declaration on the Asian and Pacific Decade of Persons with Disabilities (2023-2032)

These frameworks emphasize the rights of women and girls with disabilities, the need for inclusive policies, and the importance of addressing the unique challenges they face due to the intersection of gender and disability.

Issues Facing Women and Girls with Disabilities

• Intersection of Gender Inequality and Disability Exclusion: Women with disabilities experience both gender-based and disability-related discrimination, which often compounds each other.
• Poverty and "Leave No One Behind": The intersectionality approach highlights the need to address poverty and ensure that no one is left behind in development efforts.
• Indigenous Women and Girls with Disabilities: They face additional challenges due to cultural and social marginalization.
• Life Cycle Discrimination: Discrimination occurs throughout the life cycle, from childhood to old age, affecting access to education, employment, and healthcare.
• Socially Marginalized Groups: Women and girls with disabilities from minority or marginalized communities are particularly vulnerable.

Needs, Constraints, and Opportunities

• Economic Empowerment: Women with disabilities face higher unemployment and lower internet access. Strategies include promoting inclusive employment and vocational training.
• Decision-Making and Leadership: Women with disabilities are severely underrepresented in leadership roles. The guidelines encourage inclusive policies and participation in decision-making bodies.
• Time Poverty and Drudgery: Women with disabilities and carers often spend more time on unpaid care work. The guidelines suggest reducing this burden through supportive policies and infrastructure.
• Resilience to External Shocks: Women with disabilities are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and other crises. The guidelines recommend building resilience through inclusive disaster preparedness and response.
• Eliminating GBV and Harmful Norms: Women with disabilities are at higher risk of GBV and harmful social norms. The guidelines stress the importance of addressing these issues through legal, cultural, and policy reforms.

Core Elements for Gendered Disability Inclusion

• Government Dialogue: Encouraging inclusive dialogue with government officials and civil society.
• Project Concept and Design: Ensuring gender and disability considerations are integrated from the outset.
• Project Implementation: Involving women with disabilities in the implementation process and providing reasonable accommodations.
• Monitoring and Evaluation: Using sex, age, and disability disaggregated data (SADD) to track progress and impact.
• Checklist for Programming: A practical tool to guide the inclusion of gender and disability in development projects.
• Useful Resources: Including case studies and references to support implementation.

Sector Guidelines

The guidelines are organized into the following sectors:

1. Health: Addresses barriers to healthcare access, including the violation of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) rights.
2. Education: Focuses on inclusive education and vocational training.
3. Social Protection: Highlights the need for inclusive social protection systems.
4. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH): Emphasizes the importance of accessible WASH services.
5. Transport: Recommends infrastructure that is accessible and inclusive.
6. Urban Development: Encourages gender-responsive urban planning and inclusive design.

Each sector includes:

• Key issues and barriers
• Entry points for inclusive programming
• Sample indicators to measure impact
• Case studies from various countries in the Asia and Pacific region

Additional Resources

• Glossary: Defines key terms related to disability inclusion and gender equality.
• Types of Violence Experienced by Women and Girls with Disabilities: Provides a comprehensive overview of the forms of GBV they face.
• References: Lists the international and regional documents that underpin the guidelines.

Conclusion

These guidelines represent a significant step towards ensuring that the development work of ADB is inclusive and responsive to the needs of women and girls with disabilities. They advocate for a rights-based, participatory approach that recognizes the lived experiences of women with disabilities and integrates them into all aspects of development programming. The guidelines are supported by case studies and practical tools to facilitate implementation and monitor progress.