世界银行-安曼以交通为导向的社区：社区选择、分析和城市设计（英）-2024-38页_3mb

TRANSIT-ORIENTED Neighborhoods in Amman: A Report Summary

Introduction
This report examines the development of transit-oriented neighborhoods in Amman, Jordan, focusing on neighborhood selection, urban design principles, environmental and social strategies, pedestrian accessibility, and project prioritization for the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Phase 2.

Neighborhood Selection and Context
Two key areas were selected for intervention:

1. Al-Yarmouk Street Corridor: An urban corridor of approximately 6.5 km, characterized by a complex urban context and car-oriented infrastructure; one of its BRT lines is planned for phase 2.
2. Sweileh Terminal Area: A dense urban area featuring an existing BRT terminal; here, strengthening pedestrian mobility and public space connectivity is paramount.

Urban Vision Strategies
These strategies guide the intervention process across all areas:

1. Mobility-Oriented Strategies

   • Enhancing pedestrian connections by addressing issues such as unsafe crossings, discontinuous sidewalks, and lack of formal pedestrian routes (to connect homes, schools, parks to BRT stops).
   • Strategies: Improve existing connections, Formalize informal pathways, Create new connections, Create vertical connections.

2. Environmental Strategies

   • Enhancing green spaces and biodiversity.
   • Improving thermal comfort and mitigating heat islands.
   • Managing stormwater runoff.
   • Improving urban metabolism (reforestation, reducing heat island effect).

3. Social Strategies

   • Inclusion, community building, health, equity, safety, and beautification.
   • Creating neighborhoods where everyone (regardless of ability or condition) can access the new mobility system safely and comfortably.
   • Enhancing public spaces to support community interaction and health.

Pedestrian Accessibility and Scenario Analysis
The placement of BRT stops (every 500 vs. every 1000 meters) profoundly influences pedestrian accessibility. Accessibility simulations under three scenarios:

• A: Baseline, minimal public space improvements.
• B: BRT stops at ~1000m, with widespread pedestrian accessibility and public space upgrades.
• C: BRT stops at ~500m, maximizing pedestrian access significantly.

This simulation reveals that fewer stops placed every 500m offer better accessibility, especially within a 15-minute walk radius of the stops, increasing potential ridership by over 140%.

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and Catchment Basins

• The "Catchment Basin" concept visualizes pedestrian flows converging towards BRT stops.
• Organizing interventions around these basins optimizes resource allocation and maximizes the number of people living within a 15-minute walk of a stop.

Long and Short List of Projects

• A methodology using data-driven metrics (population density, land ownership, connectivity, co-benefits) prioritizes interventions.
• Projects involve street redesigns, staircase upgrades, informal path formalization, park creation, and green infrastructure integration – aiming to create functional transit hubs with enriched public spaces.

Typologies and Design Principles

• Streets are categorized into car-oriented, pedestrian-oriented shared, and narrow pedestrian-oriented typologies.
• Mix of infrastructure: Crossings, sidewalks accessibility, ramps, staircases, social spaces, greenery.

Sweileh Terminal Specifics

• Located at a critical transit hub, the analysis focuses on improving pedestrian safety and accessibility around the intersection.
• The terminal is central to surrounding neighborhoods with schools and a large public park. Enhancing connectivity here aligns with the 15-minute neighborhood concept.

Potential Impact
The study's proposed interventions could increase Amman residents’ access to public transport, improve the city’s overall liveability and support sustainable urban development, particularly in dense and underserved areas.

Methodology:

• Data-driven approaches (simulation, network analysis,catchment basins used for efficient project planning).
• Cross-cutting principles: Climate co-benefits, short/medium/long-term interventions, 15-minute city principle, and leveraging local conditions.

Conclusion
The study sets out a clear framework for designing and implementing transit-oriented neighborhoods where public transport integrates seamlessly with urban life, ensuring equitable and sustainable mobility solutions.