世界银行-监测也门的粮食不安全和就业：也门手机调查监测结果-第一轮（英）-2023.8-44页_2mb

Summary of Yemen Mobile Phone Survey on Food Insecurity and Employment

Context

The report analyzes data from a mobile phone survey conducted in August and September 2022 in Yemen, assessing food insecurity and employment conditions amid multiple crises, including conflict, economic instability, and the impacts of COVID-19. Yemen faces severe humanitarian challenges, with widespread displacement and limited reliable data, making this survey a critical tool for understanding lived experiences.

Methodology

The survey employed a probability sample of 1,297 adult Yemenis with mobile phones, selected across 21 governorates. Interviews were conducted via phone, and data was weighted to ensure representativeness. Findings are based predominantly on responses from main income earners (MIE). Job satisfaction and other measures were noted to have potential cultural biases.

Key Findings

• Displacement and Return: Approximately 23% of households are currently displaced due to conflict, with higher rates in urban and semi-urban areas. Around 16% of displaced households have returned, but prevalence varies by region and area of control.
• Employment Conditions: About 69% of MIE worked the week before the survey, mostly in wage-based jobs (67% of workers). Employment is precarious, with 33% having permanent jobs, and sectors like agriculture (26%) and trade (22%) dominant. Displaced households and those in Houthi-controlled areas face worse employment outcomes, including higher rates of occasional or insecure work.
• Income Sources and Sufficiency: Wage income is the primary source for 68% of households, but only 9% of workers could fully cover household expenses. Rural areas show reliance on wage labor, but income from agriculture and trade is significant. Currency depreciation reduces purchasing power in IRG areas, affecting 37% of respondents there.
• Food Insecurity: About 50% of households experience inadequate food consumption, with disparities by area of control and occupation. Poor food consumption scores are linked to lack of diversity in diets, and households with working MIE fare better, though vulnerability remains high. Employment sectors like construction correlate with lower food security.
• Food Assistance: Nearly 55% of households received in-kind food aid, more commonly in areas with better access, but aid targeting is insufficient for borderline food insecure households.

Conclusion

The survey highlights severe livelihood precarity and food insecurity in Yemen, exacerbated by conflict and economic factors. Better-targeted assistance and data collection efforts are needed to address inequalities and improve living conditions. This report underscores the importance of continued monitoring for evidence-based interventions.