世界银行-监测也门的粮食不安全和脆弱性：也门手机监测调查的结果-第二轮（英）-2023.8-44页_2mb

Summary of Food Insecurity and Vulnerability in Yemen (Mobile Phone Monitoring Survey, Round II)

Key Findings:

1. Food Insecurity: Around 43% of households experience inadequate food consumption (poor or borderline), with a slight decrease from the previous survey (50% in Round 1). Factors contributing to this improvement include easing fuel restrictions at Al Hodeida port, lower wheat prices, and price caps in Houthi-controlled areas. Food insecurity is higher in rural and semi-urban areas and among displaced households.

2. Access to Basic Services:

   • Water: Only 36% of households access basic drinking water services. Rural households face significant challenges, with limited access to improved water sources and longer collection times (many take over 30 minutes to collect water).
   • Electricity: Only 15% use public electricity for lighting, with solar energy being the primary source, especially in Houthi-controlled areas (81%).

3. Displacement: Approximately 43% of households (25% currently displaced) have been affected by conflict. Displacement is often early and repeated, with households frequently moving to find safety or livelihood opportunities.

4. Employment and Income: Employment rates are low (55% of respondents worked in the last 12 months), with stark gender disparities (28% of women vs. 79% of men). Labor income is the main source for 71% of households, but only 15% report sufficient income to cover basic needs.

5. Coping Strategies: Households rely on destructive coping mechanisms due to exhausted usual strategies. Over 19% report using high-risk employment, and child labor increased significantly, with 3% of households resorting to child marriage in the last three months.

Conclusion:
While a slight improvement in food security was observed, Yemeni households continue to face acute challenges related to access to basic services, employment, and economic vulnerability. Destructive coping strategies highlight the urgent need for sustainable interventions to address the root causes of food insecurity and displacement.