2017年俄罗斯金融普惠报告（英文版）_89页_9mb

报告摘要

Summary of the Report on Financial Inclusion in the Russian Federation 2017

Core Content

This report provides an analysis of financial inclusion in Russia for 2017, based on the fourth annual measurement of financial inclusion indicators conducted by the Bank of Russia. It covers the infrastructure of financial services, usage patterns, quality of services, and their usefulness for individuals and SMEs.

Main Points

1. Infrastructure of Financial Services Provision

The number of offices providing financial services continued to decline in 2017.
However, the remote access to financial services increased significantly, with 59.7% of adults able to access bank accounts via internet or mobile banking.
The rate of decline in bank branches slowed down compared to previous years.
- In 2017: 3.4% decrease in branches of operating CIs.
- In 2016: 8.7% decrease.
- In 2015: 11.2% decrease.
The number of ATMs (cash dispensing and/or receiving) decreased by 3.1% in 2017.
Several key indicators increased:
- MFO branches increased by 18.3%.
- NBFIs opening individual investment accounts increased by 12.5%.
- CIs opening individual investment accounts increased by 27.9%.
- Federal post offices offering payment services increased by 0.53%.
- Cash receiving ATMs of CIs (without payment cards) increased by 77.1%.
The number of payment cards issued by Russian CIs grew by 6.4% in 2017.
POS terminals increased by 24.3%.
Payment accounts for individuals and legal entities increased by 7.2% and 5.2%, respectively.
The Bank of Russia plans to publish a map of access points to financial services in 2019, including branches, ATMs, and payment agents.

2. Usage of Financial Services

2.1. Household Accounts

The number of active payment accounts for individuals increased by 8.2%.
The share of adults using accounts (including deposit accounts) rose from 79.5% to 89.4%.
The intensive use of accounts by individuals with CIs increased from 45.3% to 62%.
The main reason adults abstained from using accounts was lack of funds (47.5%).

2.2. Placement of Funds by Individuals

Outstanding retail deposits at CIs increased by 7.4% (to 25,987 billion rubles).
Acquired funds at NBFIs (in the form of loans) increased by 18.8% (to 82 billion rubles).
The share of adults with deposits at CIs increased from 19.6% to 38.6%.
The main reason for not using deposits at CIs was lack of funds (63.4%).

2.3. Placement of Funds by SMEs

Outstanding deposits of SMEs at CIs increased by 36.6% (to 474 billion rubles).
Outstanding loans of SMEs at NBFIs increased by 35.7% (to 48.3 billion rubles).
The share of SMEs using deposits at CIs was 9.2%.
Medium-sized enterprises used deposits at CIs most frequently, while IEs used them the least.

2.4. Loans of Individuals

Outstanding loans from CIs increased by 12.7% (to 12,174 billion rubles).
Outstanding loans from NBFIs increased by 20% (to 168 billion rubles).
The share of adults with loans at CIs decreased by 4.3 pp (to 25.6%).
The main reason for not using loans at CIs was reluctance to live on borrowed funds (50.4%).

2.5. Loans of SMEs

Outstanding loans of SMEs at CIs decreased by 6.7% (to 4,170 billion rubles).
Outstanding loans of SMEs at NBFIs decreased by 7.1% (to 39 billion rubles).
The share of SMEs with loans at CIs was 17.8%.
The share of SMEs with loans at NBFIs was 1%.
Microenterprises had the highest use of loans from NBFIs.

2.6. Use of Financial Services for SMEs

The share of SMEs using leasing services increased by 4.4 pp (to 14.2%).
The share of SMEs using factoring services increased from 1.8% to 2.4%.
Leasing at CIs was used by 5.2% of SMEs.
Leasing at leasing companies was used by 11.2%.
Factoring at CIs was used by 2%.
Factoring at factoring companies was used by 0.8%.
IEs used financial services the least.

2.7. Use of Payment Services by Individuals

The share of adults using payment cards (debit and/or credit) increased from 79.4% to 84.4%.
The share of adults using remote payment channels (Internet and mobile banking) increased from 31.5% to 45.1%.
The share of adults using Internet banking increased from 15.3% to 30.9%.
The share of adults using mobile banking increased from 28.5% to 40.2%.
The most active users of remote payment channels were residents of million-plus cities, persons aged 21–30, and the SibFD population.
The share of SMEs using remote payment channels increased from 73.6% to 79.6%.
IEs used remote payment channels the least (61.8%).

2.8. Use of Insurance Services by Individuals

The number of active voluntary life insurance contracts increased by 2.5%.
The number of active non-voluntary insurance contracts increased by 9.7%.
The share of adults using voluntary insurance increased from 12.4% to 19.9%.
Voluntary life insurance was used by 9% of adults.
Voluntary personal insurance was used by 7.3%.
Voluntary property insurance was used by 7.6%.
Voluntary personal liability insurance was used by 5.4%.
Voluntary financial risk insurance was used by 3.5%.
The share of adults using mandatory third-party liability insurance increased by 9.9 pp (to 28.7%).
IEs used both voluntary and mandatory insurance services the least.

2.9. Use of Financial Services by Underserved Population Groups

Villagers, students, unemployed individuals, and those with low income used financial services the least.
The SibFD and FEFD populations had the lowest use of financial services.

3. Quality of Financial Services

The share of adults abstaining from loans at CIs due to high costs decreased from 21% to 19.7%.
The share of adults abstaining from current accounts at CIs due to high costs increased from 3.2% to 7.4%.
The share of adults abstaining from term deposits at CIs due to low interest rates decreased slightly (from 11.7% to 10.8%).
The share of adults abstaining from voluntary insurance contracts due to high costs decreased from 34.3% to 31.9%.
The index of financial services affordability for adults reached 0.7, achieving the 2018 target.
The share of adults believing they received accurate information about loans increased from 61.6% to 65%.
The share of SMEs requiring collateral for their last loan decreased from 41.8% to 35.9%.

4. Usefulness of Financial Services

Financial literacy improved slightly:
- Financial behaviour increased from 50 to 52.
- Financial attitude increased from 52 to 53.
- Financial knowledge slightly dropped from 54 to 53.
The target value of financial knowledge (2.5) was not reached.
The Bank of Russia plans to conduct an annual nationwide financial literacy test.
The highest financial knowledge indicator was observed in:
- Million-plus cities (excluding Moscow and St. Petersburg).
- People aged 21–25 and 41–45.
- Entrepreneurs/self-employed.
- Individuals with average and above-average income.
- Residents of the SibFD and FEFD.
The share of adults who believe their quality of life improved due to financial services increased by 19.4 pp (to 65.5%).
The share of adults who believe their quality of life deteriorated due to financial services decreased by 12.5 pp (to 10.3%).
The mental readiness of adults to use remote financial services increased to 54.3%.
Satisfaction with remote access channels increased significantly:
- Internet banking satisfaction increased by 10 pp.
- Mobile banking satisfaction increased by 13 pp.
The highest satisfaction was found in:
- Moscow, St. Petersburg, and million-plus cities.
- People aged 18–40.
- Students.
- Entrepreneurs/self-employed.
- High-income individuals.
- Residents of the CFD.