2008年-世界发展银行全球_Chile___Toward_a_Cohesive_and_Well_Governed_National_Innovation_System_108页_3mb

Summary of Chile's National Innovation System

Core Content

This report provides an in-depth analysis of Chile's National Innovation System (NIS), focusing on its governance structure, policy framework, and regional implications. It was commissioned by the Consejo Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad (CNIC) to evaluate the current state of innovation governance and recommend improvements to enhance the system's structure and incentive framework. The report emphasizes the need for a cohesive and well-governed innovation system to support long-term growth and competitiveness.

Main Views

• Innovation is all-encompassing: Innovation requires a comprehensive approach that spans science and technology, involves all traditional economic realms, and focuses on both firm-level demand and supply-side enhancements.
• Sound governance is critical: A strong governance framework is essential to ensure the effectiveness of innovation policies, which are more vulnerable to dynamic inconsistencies than other economic policies.
• Regional innovation policies are important: Regional policies must be tailored to local conditions and integrated with national strategies to promote innovation across all regions of Chile.

Key Information

Governance Framework

• The CNIC and the Inter-ministerial Committee on Innovation are central to the governance of Chile's NIS.
• The CNIC serves as an independent advisory body to the President, responsible for developing and reviewing an innovation strategy based on consensus.
• The Inter-ministerial Committee on Innovation is tasked with implementing the strategy and ensuring coordination across agencies and sectors.
• A law to consolidate these two organizations is crucial for long-term effectiveness, and the draft law presented in 2007 offers a good starting point but requires enhancements in terms of composition, role, and accountability of the CNIC, and responsibilities of the Inter-ministerial Committee.

Core Implementing Agencies

• CONICYT (National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research) and InnovaChile (CORFO) are the main funding agencies.
• CONICYT focuses on basic research and advanced human capital.
• InnovaChile is responsible for industry development and technology transfer.
• Both agencies need to improve transparency, accountability, and coordination.
• A comprehensive strategic plan for CONICYT and a similar review for InnovaChile are recommended to align their activities with the national innovation strategy.

Evaluation and Monitoring

• There is a lack of adequate monitoring indicators and systematic evaluations.
• The CNIC should propose an overall framework for evaluating the NIS.
• Funding agencies need to develop capacity for monitoring and evaluating program outcomes.
• Independent evaluations by international experts every 3 to 5 years are suggested for CONICYT and CORFO.
• The CNIC should also evaluate overall progress towards the national innovation strategy.

Program Design

• A comprehensive review of program design is needed to align with the national innovation strategy.
• The review highlights the need to rebalance funding from basic research towards more applied research and business development.
• Avoiding program duplication, ensuring cohesion, and focusing on strategic and sectoral priorities are critical.
• Guidelines include:
  • Creating a collaborative environment between industry and research institutions.
  • Enhancing interdisciplinary collaboration among research institutions.
  • Ensuring access to leading-edge infrastructure for research.
  • Structuring funding to support the entire career of innovators.
  • Fostering an entrepreneurial culture.
  • Promoting international links and competitiveness.

Regional Innovation Policies

• Regional innovation policies should be adapted to local endowments and capacities while aligning with national strategies.
• Innovation outcomes depend on the environment and productive fabric of each region.
• Geographical proximity helps in the search for collaborative partners and sharing tacit knowledge.
• A bottom-up approach is recommended for regional policies, even in traditionally centralized political structures.
• Regional actors should lead innovation programs, with the central government providing support through technical assistance.
• Regional programs should be more selective, rewarding good performance and promoting inter-regional spillovers.

Building National Consensus

• Generating awareness and consensus about the importance of innovation is vital for the success of the national strategy.
• National consensus reduces the risks of short-term innovation policies and political inconsistencies.
• The CNIC's independent and technocratic nature provides a unique opportunity to build a lasting consensus in support of innovation.
• The Finnish experience highlights the importance of systematically educating politicians and decision-makers to form a sustainable national consensus.

Structure of the Report

• Chapter 1: Introduction to the report, outlining the context and objectives.
• Chapter 2: Discusses the comprehensive nature of innovation policy and the need for a structured approach.
• Chapter 3: Presents core governance principles for innovation systems, drawing from literature and international experiences.
• Chapter 4: Analyzes the current governance of Chile's NIS and provides recommendations for improvement.
• Chapter 5: Focuses on regional innovation policies, their rationale, and recommendations for implementation.
• Chapter 6: Summarizes the main conclusions and recommendations.

Annexes

• Annex 1: Overview of Australia's innovation system and its governance.
• Annex 2: Overview of Finland's innovation system and its governance.
• Annex 3: Main innovation programs in Chile.
• Annex 4: Selected regional economic and capacity indicators.
• Annex 5: Case study on the integration of regions into the national innovation system, based on Finland's experience.

References

• The report cites various studies and international experiences, including those from Australia, Finland, and OECD countries, to support its analysis and recommendations.