2002年-世界发展银行全球_Tanzania___Managing_Forest_Resources_2页_186kb

Fin-ing: Tanzania Forest Resources Management Project Summary

Core Content

The Tanzania Forest Resources Management Project (FRMP), supported by the World Bank from 1992 to 1999, was designed to improve forest management in Tanzania through institutional strengthening, policy development, and community involvement. The project was aligned with the Tanzania Forestry Action Plan (1990/1–2007/8), which aimed to address deforestation and promote sustainable use of forest resources.

Main Views and Key Findings

1. Vegetation Mapping and Policy Development

• The Tanzania Natural Resources Information Center (TNRIC), supported by the project, fully mapped the country's vegetation cover, providing essential data for policy formulation.
• A series of policy studies were conducted, including assessments on long-term financing, land tenure, and best practices in the forestry sector. These studies contributed significantly to the development of the new Forest Policy and the broader policy framework.
• The Center's services have become increasingly demanded, and its operations are now virtually self-supporting.

2. Improved Royalty Collection and Revenue

• The Forestry and Beekeeping Division (FBD) saw an enhancement in technical competence, particularly in monitoring royalty collection.
• A new royalty collection system was introduced in pilot regions (Tabora, Shinyanga, Singida, and Mwanza), which closed loopholes and increased revenues.
• Revenues rose from Tshs. 90.72 million in 1996 to Tshs. 299.17 million in 1998, demonstrating the effectiveness of the system.

3. Community and Private Sector Participation

• The project promoted community involvement in the management of public lands and private sector participation in plantation management.
• These initiatives led to innovative approaches, such as the joint forest management model, where communities share both the benefits and responsibilities of managing government forest reserves.
• The concept of ngitiri (setting aside land for emergency use) was extended from grazing areas to woodlands, leveraging traditional practices for sustainable resource management.

4. Land Administration and Data Management

• A computerized data management system was developed to improve land administration.
• By the end of the project, about 45,000 records (18%) had been computerized, enhancing efficiency and transparency in land management.

5. Improved Stoves and Energy Efficiency

• An unconventional initiative was the introduction of improved stoves, which reduced woodfuel consumption by about 50%.
• The project focused on training women to construct and install the stoves, who then trained others in the community, ensuring widespread adoption.

Lessons Learned

• Community involvement is crucial for the long-term sustainability of forest resources. Villagers, as local guardians, can be effective stewards with minimal government cost.
• Traditional practices can be leveraged to enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of new initiatives.
• Decentralized structures require adequate oversight mechanisms to ensure technical and administrative quality.
• Large consultancy packages may lead to hiring unqualified personnel, which can be costly and inefficient to correct.
• Linking project preparation to strategic plans (such as the Tanzania Forestry Action Plan) improves the project's relevance and impact.
• Cost-effective land demarcation and surveying can be achieved through community participation, reducing future legal disputes.

Conclusion

The FRMP project demonstrated the importance of integrating community engagement, policy research, and institutional reform in achieving sustainable forest management. It also highlighted the potential of innovative technologies and traditional practices in promoting environmental and economic benefits. The project's achievements and lessons learned continue to inform forestry and land management strategies in Tanzania.