2011-05-30-世界卫生组织-NCD_global_monitoring_framework_2页_448kb

Health Framework Summary

1. Mortality and Morbidity Reduction

• Aim for a 25% relative reduction in premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases compared to 2009 baseline.
• Additional goals include reducing cancer incidence rates, measured per 100,000 population by cancer type.
• Key targets focus on decreasing deaths and disabilities through interventions targeting high-risk groups.

2. Behavioural Risk Factor Control

• Reduce harmful alcohol use: Achieve a 10% relative decrease in harmful alcohol consumption, and lower age-standardized rates of heavy episodic drinking among adolescents and adults.
• Promote physical activity: Reduce the prevalence of insufficient physical activity (less than 60 minutes daily for adolescents or 150 minutes weekly for adults).
• Decrease salt and sodium intake: Target a 30% relative reduction in population mean intake of salt/sodium, with age-standardized mean intakes as indicators.
• Curb tobacco use: Reduce current tobacco prevalence by 30% among adolescents and adults, and lower age-standardized rates.
• Additional measures include reducing alcohol-related harm, monitoring intakes, and promoting healthier diets through indicators on saturated fats, free sugars, and fruit/vegetable consumption.

3. Biological Risk Factor Management

• Control raised blood pressure: Goal for a 25% relative reduction in its prevalence and mean systolic blood pressure.
• Address diabetes and obesity: Halt the rise in diabetes prevalence; targets include age-standardized rates of raised blood glucose, and prevalence of overweight/obesity defined by body mass index.
• Additional indicators cover saturated fatty acid intake, vitamin/fruit/vegetable consumption, and cholesterol levels to support disease prevention.

4. National Systems Response

• Expand preventive drug therapy: Ensure at least 50% of eligible individuals (aged 40+ with high cardiovascular risk) receive treatment for heart attacks and strokes.
• Strengthen noncommunicable disease medicines: Increase availability and affordability of essential medicines, generics, and technologies by 80%.
• Policies: Include access to palliative care (measured by opioid equivalent consumption for cancer deaths), limit unhealthy foods, eliminate partially hydrogenated oils, and promote vaccinations (e.g., hepatitis B and HPV) with targeted coverage.
• Specific actions: Enhance cervical cancer screening rates and vaccination programs for children.

Overall Focus: The framework prioritizes evidence-based strategies to reduce noncommunicable disease burdens through multifaceted interventions, monitoring, and policy changes, with strong emphasis on equity, affordability, and sustainability across populations and settings.