2017年-世界发展银行全球_Economy_Profile_of_New_Zealand_64页_1mb

Doing Business 2018: Reforming to Create Jobs - Summary

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report by the World Bank Group evaluates the regulatory environment for businesses in 190 economies, focusing on reforms that can create jobs. It measures various aspects of business regulation, including procedures, time, cost, and legal frameworks, and provides a ranking system based on the "distance to frontier" (DTF) metric, which indicates how close an economy is to the best practices observed globally.

Key Indicators Covered

The report includes the following indicators, each assessing different aspects of business regulation:

• Starting a business: Procedures, time, cost, and paid-in minimum capital to establish a limited liability company.
• Dealing with construction permits: Procedures, time, and cost to complete construction formalities, along with quality control and safety mechanisms.
• Getting electricity: Procedures, time, and cost to connect to the electrical grid, including reliability and transparency of tariffs.
• Registering property: Procedures, time, and cost to transfer property and the quality of land administration.
• Getting credit: Movable collateral laws and credit information systems.
• Protecting minority investors: Rights of minority shareholders in related-party transactions and corporate governance.
• Paying taxes: Tax payments, time, and total tax rate for a firm.
• Trading across borders: Time and cost to export and import goods.
• Enforcing contracts: Time and cost to resolve commercial disputes, along with judicial process quality.
• Resolving insolvency: Time, cost, outcome, and recovery rate for insolvency cases.
• Labor market regulation: Flexibility and aspects of job quality.

Key Information on New Zealand

Economic Overview

• Region: OECD high income
• Income Category: High income
• Population: 4,692,700
• GNI Per Capita (US$): 39,070
• City Covered: Auckland

Ease of Doing Business Metrics

• Ease of Doing Business Ranking: 18th
• Distance to Frontier (DTF) Score: 15.0 (on a scale of 0-100, where 0 is the lowest performance and 100 is the frontier)

Starting a Business in New Zealand

Core Details

• Legal Form: Limited Liability Company
• Paid-in Minimum Capital: NZD 0 (0% of income per capita)
• Procedures (Men): 1
• Time (Men): 0.5 days
• Cost (Men): 0.3% of income per capita
• Procedures (Women): 1
• Time (Women): 0.5 days
• Cost (Women): 0.3% of income per capita

Process Overview

• Online Application: Entrepreneurs can apply online for company registration, including IRD number and GST registration.
• Steps:
  1. Apply online for registration with the Companies Office (including IRD number and GST registration).
  2. Fax signed director and shareholder consent forms within 20 working days.
  3. Receive certificate of incorporation via email once the last consent form is accepted.

Key Features

• All procedures can be completed online.
• No bribes are involved.
• The process is highly streamlined, with minimal procedures and low cost.

Dealing with Construction Permits in New Zealand

Core Details

• Procedures: 11
• Time: 93 days
• Cost: 2.3% of warehouse value
• Building Quality Control Index: 15.0 (maximum score)

Process Overview

• Required Procedures:
  1. Obtain resource consent (planning) from the District Council (30 days, NZD 4,787)
  2. Obtain geo-technical study / soil test (15 days, NZD 3,000)
  3. Obtain works over CCTV approval by Watercare Services (7 days, no charge)
  4. Obtain building consent from the District Council (30 days, NZD 41,000)
  5. Receive foundation inspection (1 day, no charge)
  6. Receive structural inspection (1 day, no charge)
  7. Receive plumbing inspection (1 day, no charge)
  8. Receive cladding inspection (1 day, no charge)
  9. Receive fire protection inspection (1 day, no charge)
  10. Obtain water and sewerage connection (28 days, NZD 13,008)
  11. Receive final inspection for a code compliance certificate (25 days, no charge)

Key Features

• Online procedures reduce time by 0.5 days.
• All procedures are required, but some can be completed simultaneously.
• The building quality control index is high, indicating strong regulatory and safety mechanisms.

Quality of Construction Regulation in New Zealand

Building Quality Control Index

• Score: 15.0 (maximum score)
• Quality of Building Regulations Index: 2.0
• Accessibility of Building Laws: 1.0
• Clarity of Permit Requirements: 1.0
• Quality Control Before Construction: 1.0
• Third-Party Verification Required: 1.0 (licensed engineer)
• Quality Control During Construction: 3.0
• Mandatory Inspections During Construction: 2.0 (inspections at various phases; risk-based inspections)
• Inspections Occur in Practice: 1.0
• Quality Control After Construction: 3.0
• Final Inspection Required: 2.0
• Final Inspection Occurs in Practice: 1.0
• Liability and Insurance Regimes Index: 2.0
• Parties Liable for Structural Flaws: 1.0 (architect, engineer, construction company, owner)
• Insurance Policy Required: 1.0 (commonly taken in practice)
• Professional Certifications Index: 4.0

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2018 report highlights New Zealand's efficient regulatory environment for starting a business and dealing with construction permits. The country performs well in terms of procedures, time, and cost, with a high score on the building quality control index. These indicators suggest that New Zealand is a favorable environment for business operations and regulatory compliance.