2017年-世界发展银行全球_Economy_Profile_of_Latvia_68页_1mb

Doing Business 2018: Reforming to Create Jobs - Summary of Latvia

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report, a flagship publication by the World Bank Group, evaluates business regulations across 190 economies to provide insights into the ease of doing business and encourage regulatory reforms. The report focuses on how regulations impact job creation and business operations, using standardized metrics to ensure comparability. Latvia is profiled in this report, with data collected for its largest business city, Riga, under the assumption of a 100% domestically owned limited liability company (SIA).

Main Indicators and Their Focus

The report includes 11 key indicators that measure various aspects of business regulation. For Latvia, the main indicators and their focus are as follows:

• Starting a Business: Measures the number of procedures, time, and cost to start and operate a limited liability company. It also considers the paid-in minimum capital requirement.
• Dealing with Construction Permits: Tracks the procedures, time, and cost to build a warehouse, including obtaining licenses, permits, and utility connections. It also assesses the building quality control index.
• Other Indicators: Include getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and labor market regulation.

Key Findings for Latvia

Starting a Business

• Procedures (Men): 4 procedures
• Procedures (Women): 4 procedures
• Time (Men): 5.5 days
• Time (Women): 5.5 days
• Cost (Men): 1.8% of income per capita
• Cost (Women): 1.8% of income per capita
• Paid-in Minimum Capital: 0.0% of income per capita
• Ranking: 98th out of 190 economies
• Distance to Frontier (DTF): 22.5 (on a scale from 0 to 100)

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Procedures: 9 procedures
• Time: 192 days
• Cost: 0.5% of warehouse value
• Building Quality Control Index: 12.0 (out of 15)
• Ranking: 81st out of 190 economies
• DTF: 22.5

Methodology Overview

The report uses a standardized business model to ensure consistency across economies. For each indicator, the following assumptions are made:

Standardized Business

• A limited liability company (SIA) with 5 owners (none legal entities), all domestic nationals.
• Start-up capital of 10 times income per capita.
• Operates in Riga, the largest business city.
• Has 10 pages of company deed.
• Employees are domestic nationals, and the business does not qualify for investment incentives or special benefits.

Standardized Warehouse

• Estimated value: EUR 639,549.10
• Size: 1,300.6 square meters (14,000 square feet), two stories above ground.
• Location: On a 929 square meters (10,000 square feet) land plot owned by the company.
• Construction time: 30 weeks (excluding administrative delays).
• Water and sewerage connections: 150 meters from existing sources, with a constant demand throughout the year.

Procedure Assumptions

• All required information is readily available.
• No bribes are considered.
• Procedures are completed online where possible, with each online procedure counted as 0.5 days.
• The entrepreneur pays no bribes and does not have prior contact with officials.

Comparative Data

• OECD High Income Economies:
  • Procedures: 14.0 (for construction permits)
  • Time: 192 days (for construction permits)
  • Cost: 0.5% of warehouse value
  • Building Quality Control Index: 12.0
• Overall Best Performers:
  • Procedures: 7.00 (Denmark)
  • Time: 27.5 days (Korea, Rep.)
  • Cost: 0.10 (5 Economies)
  • Building Quality Control Index: 15.00 (3 Economies)

Report Purpose

The Doing Business project aims to:

• Provide objective measures of business regulations and their enforcement.
• Encourage regulatory reforms by offering benchmarks and measurable data.
• Support researchers, journalists, and academics in understanding and improving the business climate globally.
• Offer subnational reports for cities and regions, enabling local comparisons and reform recommendations.

Data Collection and Analysis

• The most recent data collection was completed in June 2017.
• The distance to frontier (DTF) score is calculated based on the best performance observed across all economies since 2005.
• The ease of doing business ranking is derived from the aggregate DTF scores, with a scale from 1 to 190.

Additional Notes

• For 11 large economies (e.g., China, India, the United States), data is collected for two major cities and then population-weighted.
• The DTF scale ranges from 0 (lowest performance) to 100 (frontier performance).
• The report includes case study assumptions to ensure data consistency and comparability across all economies.