2017年-世界发展银行全球_Economy_Profile_of_Switzerland_64页_1mb
报告摘要
Summary of Doing Business 2018: Switzerland
Core Content
The Doing Business 2018 report is a World Bank Group flagship publication that evaluates business regulations across 190 economies. It provides quantitative indicators to measure the ease of doing business, focusing on key areas such as starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency. It also includes labor market regulation data. The report aims to encourage regulatory reforms, offer benchmarks for improvement, and serve as a reference for policymakers, researchers, and investors.
Switzerland is highlighted in the report as an economy with a high-income status and is part of the OECD high-income group. The report compares Switzerland’s performance with other economies and provides detailed data on business regulations and their implementation in Zurich, the largest business city in Switzerland.
Key Indicators and Performance
The following are the key indicators and Switzerland’s performance in the Doing Business 2018 report:
| Indicator | Switzerland | OECD High Income | Overall Best Performer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Procedures | 6 (for men) / 6 (for women) | 4.9 | 1.00 (New Zealand) |
| Time (days) | 10 (for men) / 10 (for women) | 8.5 | 0.50 (New Zealand) |
| Cost (% of income per capita) | 2.3 | 3.1 | 0.00 (United Kingdom) |
| Paid-in Minimum Capital (% of income per capita) | 25.4 | 8.7 | 0.00 (113 Economies) |
The distance to frontier (DTF) score for Switzerland is used to compare its regulatory environment with the best performers. A DTF score of 0 indicates the lowest performance, while a score of 100 indicates the best performance. The report also provides a ranking of economies based on their ease of doing business, with Switzerland consistently performing well in most indicators.
Starting a Business in Switzerland
Switzerland is rated highly for the ease of starting a business, with the following details:
- Procedures: 6 procedures are required for both men and women to start a limited liability company.
- Time: 10 days are needed to complete the process.
- Cost: 2.3% of income per capita.
- Paid-in Minimum Capital: 25.4% of income per capita.
Procedures and Costs Breakdown
| No. | Procedure | Time to Complete | Associated Costs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Place the paid-in capital in an escrow account with a bank | 1 day | CHF 200 |
| 2 | Draft the articles of association and authenticate documents in the presence of a notary public | 3 days | 0.1% of capital (CHF 500–5,000) + CHF 20 per signature |
| 3 | File the deed certifying the articles of association to the local commercial register to obtain a legal entity | 3 days | CHF 600 + 0.02% of capital exceeding CHF 200,000 (up to CHF 10,000) |
| 4 | Pay stamp tax at post office or bank after receiving an assessment by mail | 1 day | No charge |
| 5 | Register for VAT | 1 day | No charge |
| 6 | Enroll employees in the social insurance system | 1 day | No charge |
The procedures for men and women are the same, and online procedures are counted as 0.5 days. The report notes that the DTF score is the average of scores from component indicators, and the ranking is based on this DTF score.
Dealing with Construction Permits in Switzerland
Switzerland ranks well in the "Dealing with Construction Permits" indicator, with the following details:
- Procedures: 13 procedures are required.
- Time: 156 days.
- Cost: 0.7% of warehouse value.
- Building Quality Control Index (0–15): 9.0.
Procedures and Costs Breakdown
| No. | Procedure | Time to Complete | Associated Costs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Obtain fire department approval | 10 days | CHF 1,000 |
| 2 | Obtain construction permit | 120 days | CHF 20,000 |
| 3 | Receive inspection for scaffolding works | 1 day | No charge |
| 4 | Receive inspection for excavation works | 1 day | No charge |
| 5 | Receive inspection for frame works | 1 day | No charge |
| 6 | Obtain approval from the department for waste and recycling | 5 days | CHF 300 |
| 7 | Obtain approval from the department of electric power supply | 4 days | No charge |
| 8 | Obtain approval from the water department | 3 days | No charge |
| 9 | Obtain sewage connection from the department for waste and recycling | 10 days | CHF 5,000 |
| 10 | Receive sanitary inspection from the department for waste and recycling | 1 day | No charge |
| 11 | Obtain water connection from the water department | 5 days | CHF 2,000 |
| 12 | Receive final inspection from the municipal building authority | 1 day | No charge |
| 13 | Obtain occupancy permit from the municipal building authority | 7 days | No charge |
Some procedures occur simultaneously, reducing the total time required. The building quality control index is composed of six components, including the quality of building regulations, quality control during and after construction, liability and insurance regimes, and professional certification requirements. Switzerland scores 9.0 on this index, indicating a strong regulatory environment.
Main Points and Insights
- Comparative Analysis: The report provides a comparative analysis of business regulations across 190 economies, using standardized data collection and case scenarios.
- Standardization: A standardized business and construction company are used to ensure consistency and comparability across economies.
- Regulatory Environment: Switzerland performs well in most indicators, particularly in the areas of starting a business and dealing with construction permits.
- Ease of Doing Business: The report ranks economies based on their DTF scores, with Switzerland typically ranked among the top performers.
- Methodology: The methodology includes assumptions about the business, such as being a limited liability company, having no special benefits, and employing between 10 and 50 domestic employees.
- Focus on Transparency and Efficiency: The report emphasizes transparency, efficiency, and the absence of bribes in the regulatory process.
Conclusion
The Doing Business 2018 report underscores Switzerland's strong regulatory environment, particularly in starting a business and obtaining construction permits. It provides a comprehensive, standardized evaluation of business regulations and their implementation, offering valuable insights for policymakers and businesses seeking to understand and improve the regulatory climate.
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