三星发布6G白皮书，2028年商用！峰值速率是5G的50倍_40页_1mb

6G Summary

Core Content

6G is the next-generation communication system that aims to provide ultimate connectivity and experience for all users, encompassing both humans and machines. It is expected to build upon the advancements of 5G and address new challenges and opportunities driven by technological and societal trends.

Main Megatrends

• Connected Machines: The number of connected devices is projected to reach 500 billion by 2030, making machines the primary users of 6G. This necessitates new technologies to support high-performance, low-latency, and high-capacity communication for a vast array of devices.

• AI as a New Tool for Wireless Communications: AI will be integrated into 6G systems to enhance performance, reduce costs, and improve user experience. It will be used for network optimization, anomaly detection, and self-healing, as well as for efficient data compression and rendering.

• Openness of Mobile Communications: Open source software and shared architectures will play a critical role in 6G development, reducing market entry barriers, promoting interoperability, and accelerating innovation. Examples include O-RAN and ONAP.

• Social Goals and Mobile Communications: 6G is expected to significantly contribute to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It will enable equitable access to information, resources, and services, helping to reduce regional and social disparities.

Key 6G Services

• Truly Immersive Extended Reality (XR): Combines VR, AR, and MR to offer immersive experiences. Requires high data rates and low latency to support seamless media streaming and real-time interactions.

• High-Fidelity Mobile Hologram: Enables 3D holographic displays with high resolution and data rates. AI will be crucial for efficient data compression and real-time rendering.

• Digital Replica: Creates virtual representations of physical entities (people, objects, systems, etc.) for remote monitoring and interaction. This will be supported by AI and advanced sensing technologies.

Key Requirements

Performance Requirements

• Data Rate: Peak data rate of 1,000 Gbps and user experienced data rate of 1 Gbps.
• Latency: Air latency < 100 μs, end-to-end latency < 1 ms, and extremely low delay jitter.
• Reliability: Error rate < $10^{-7}$ for latency-sensitive services.
• Coverage and Density: Support for up to $10^7$ devices per square kilometer.
• Energy Efficiency: Improve energy efficiency of both devices and networks by at least two times.

Architectural Requirements

• Communications and Computing Convergence: Offload computation to more powerful devices or servers to address the limitations of mobile computing.
• Edge Computing and MEC: Move computing closer to the user to reduce latency.
• Integration of AI: Embed AI into all system components to enable real-time data processing and optimization.
• Support for Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks: Include fixed and mobile base stations, satellites, and high-altitude platforms.

Trustworthiness Requirements

• Secure Environments: Implement hardware-based secure environments for code execution and credential protection.
• Secure-by-Design Approach: Ensure that all hardware and software components are inherently secure.
• Transparency: Guarantee that AI systems are transparent in their access to data and operations against adversarial attacks.
• Privacy and Data Security: Develop mechanisms to securely handle large volumes of user and business data while maintaining strict privacy.

Candidate Technologies

• Terahertz (THz) Technologies: Enable extremely high data rates and wideband channels. THz bands (0.1-10 THz) offer significant potential for 6G.
• Novel Antenna Technologies: Develop ultra-massive MIMO arrays to compensate for THz path loss and improve beamforming efficiency.
• Evolution of Duplex Technology: Enhance full-duplex capabilities for more efficient communication.
• Evolution of Network Topology: Support more flexible and dynamic network structures.
• Spectrum Sharing: Efficiently utilize the available spectrum, especially in the THz range.
• Comprehensive AI: Integrate AI across all layers of the network for optimization and real-time processing.
• Split Computing: Distribute computing tasks between network entities and user devices.
• High-Precision Network: Enable accurate positioning and secure, efficient communication.

6G Timeline

• Earliest Commercialization: Expected as early as 2028.
• Massive Commercialization: Anticipated around 2030.

Conclusion

6G represents a transformative leap in mobile communication, driven by the convergence of AI, openness, and hyper-connectivity. It will enable new services such as immersive XR, high-fidelity holograms, and digital replicas, which require unprecedented performance, architectural, and trustworthiness standards. The development of 6G will rely on advanced technologies like THz communication, AI integration, and novel antenna designs. The ultimate goal is to support a more connected, efficient, and secure communication ecosystem that contributes to societal progress and global sustainability.