2021-05-31-世界银行-了解孟加拉国清洁烹饪技术的市场解决方案和融资选择（英文）_76页_1mb

Summary of Market-Based Solutions and Access to Finance for Clean-Cooking Technologies in Bangladesh

Core Content

This report, prepared by the Clean Cooking Alliance and the Bangladesh Clean Cooking Program, explores the current state of the clean-cooking market in Bangladesh, the role of market-based solutions, and the challenges and opportunities in access to finance for clean-cooking technologies. It is supported by the World Bank and the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and implemented by IDCOL as part of the RERED II Project.

Main Findings

• Health and Environmental Impact: Traditional cookstoves and open fires used by 82% of Bangladesh’s population are a major cause of household air pollution (HAP), contributing to nearly 4 million premature deaths globally and 106,900 annually in Bangladesh. These stoves are also responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation.

• Current Market Share:

  • Traditional stoves: 74% of the population
  • Natural gas: 11%
  • LPG: 9%
  • Improved Cookstoves (ICSs): 7%
  • Electric stoves: 2%

• Market Potential: ICSs have the largest market potential due to their affordability, ease of use, and alignment with the current economic conditions of Bangladesh. They are also more widely adopted than other clean-cooking technologies, with 74% of ICS users simultaneously using other stoves and fuels.

• Technology Progress: IDCOL's ICS program has significantly improved stove efficiency, moving from Tier 1 to Tier 3 in just seven years. This progress has been driven by R&D efforts and has made ICSs more accessible and affordable.

• Consumer Preferences: Consumers are willing to pay for ICSs, especially for high-end models, and prefer installment payment plans. Fuel-saving and time-saving are the top benefits cited by users.

• Challenges:

  • Supply-side: Manufacturers and POs face liquidity issues due to delayed payments from IDCOL (up to 3 months).
  • Demand-side: High upfront costs and limited awareness among lower-income groups hinder adoption.
  • Financial Barriers: Traditional financing options are not attractive to financial institutions due to low loan amounts and high transaction costs.

• Key Stakeholders:

  • Government: Led by the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources and SREDA.
  • IDCOL: The main implementing agency for the ICS program.
  • NGOs and Partners: Including VERC, GIZ, and Grameen Shakti.
  • Private Sector: Manufacturers and distributors of ICSs and other clean-cooking technologies.

Main Recommendations

1. Increase Ambition for Universal Adoption: Encourage a shared vision across the sector to achieve 100% clean-cooking adoption by 2030.
2. Prioritize ICS in Transition: Focus on ICSs as the primary technology for transitioning from biomass to cleaner fuels.
3. Strengthen Awareness and Marketing: Enhance marketing strategies through door-to-door visits, word-of-mouth, billboards, and brochures.
4. Build a Sustainable Supply Chain: Develop a reliable and scalable ICS supply chain in rural areas.
5. Develop a Diverse Financing Ecosystem: Introduce innovative financing options such as microfinance loans, trade-in programs, and free trial initiatives.
6. Support Business Capacity Building: Provide training and resources to improve the capabilities of stove manufacturers and POs.
7. Launch Nationwide Awareness Campaigns: Educate the public on the benefits of ICSs and promote their adoption through community engagement.

Key Stakeholder Engagement Strategies

• Community Engagement: Use "Uthan boithok" (community courtyard meetings) to disseminate information and feedback from users.
• School Programs: Leverage educational settings to influence parents and spread awareness among younger generations.

Access to Finance

• Challenges:

  • Delayed payments from IDCOL create liquidity issues for POs.
  • High transaction costs and low loan amounts make traditional financing unattractive.
  • Some financial institutions are skeptical about the clean-cooking business model.

• Suggested Solutions:

  • Liquidity Facilities: Provide short-term financial support to POs.
  • Advance Payments: Offer upfront payments for cluster network expansion.
  • Loan Guarantee Schemes: Reduce financial risk for businesses.
  • Consumer Financing Options: Include free trials, cash vouchers, trade-in programs, and microfinance loans.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes that ICSs are a critical component in achieving clean cooking for all in Bangladesh by 2030. It advocates for a market-based approach, combining innovation, stakeholder collaboration, and improved access to finance to drive large-scale adoption of clean-cooking technologies. The IDCOL ICS Program is identified as the largest and most impactful initiative in this regard, with the potential to significantly improve public health and environmental sustainability.

Structure of the Report

• Chapter 1: Introduction and background of the clean-cooking market in Bangladesh.
• Chapter 2: Overview of the cookstove market, including fuel types, consumer segments, and key stakeholders.
• Chapter 3: Analysis of consumer behavior, segmentation, and willingness to pay.
• Chapter 4: Examination of the IDCOL ICS Program, including its business model and demand creation strategies.
• Chapter 5: Detailed analysis of access to finance challenges and opportunities.
• Chapter 6: Community engagement strategies and their role in promoting clean-cooking adoption.
• Chapter 7: Recommendations for scaling up clean cooking in Bangladesh.

Appendices

• Annex 1: IWA guidelines and ISO International Standards related to clean-cooking technologies.
• List of Tables: Includes data on market share, consumer preferences, cost analysis, and return on investment.
• List of Figures: Highlights key trends, stakeholder maps, and consumer feedback.