亚开行-清洁能源的社会效益：来自孟加拉国的证据（英）-2023.6-36页

Report Summary: Social Benefits of Clean Energy Evidence from Bangladesh

ADB Economics Working Paper No. 685, June 2023

Key Findings

1. Economic Outcomes

   • Solar adoption increases household income, total expenditure, and asset value by 20-15%.
   • Significant reduction in kerosene expenditure (approx. 200% decrease across survey periods).
   • Shift toward nonfarm employment: Males engage more in trading businesses; females in poultry farming.

2. Educational Outcomes

   • Children in solar households show improved school enrollment and longer study time.
   • Educational expenditure increases by up to 27% (in OLS estimates) for male students.

3. Health/Nutritional Outcomes

   • Reduction in indoor air pollution from kerosene use, improving health for children and women.
   • Evidence of reduced stunting in children under five in pooled data.

4. Environmental Outcomes

   • Substantial decrease in kerosene consumption and associated emissions, with higher adoption of clean fuels like gas/LPG.

Methodology

• Uses OLS and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to analyze three rounds of Bangladesh Integrated Household Surveys (2011–2012, 2015, 2018–2019).
• Controls for demographic, economic, and community-specific variables.

Policy Implications

• Solar systems remain relevant in hard-to-reach areas, even with grid connectivity efforts.
• Useful for addressing power outages and promoting clean energy alongside grid electrification.
• Potential for solar-based technologies in agriculture (e.g., solar irrigation pumps).

Data Source: Bangladesh Integrated Household Surveys (BIHS), 2011–2012, 2015, 2018–2019.

Report by: ADB Economics Working Paper Series | June 2023