2017包容性增长与发展报告（英文版）_73页_4mb

Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2017 Summary

Core Content

The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2017 is a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities for achieving more socially inclusive economic growth. It outlines a policy framework and performance metrics to guide policymakers and stakeholders in building strategies that align economic growth with broader improvements in living standards. The report emphasizes the need for a systemic and long-term approach to structural reform, moving beyond temporary fiscal and monetary measures to address the root causes of inequality and slow growth.

Main Points

• Global Consensus on Inclusive Growth: There is a growing global consensus that economic growth must be more inclusive, but it remains an aspiration rather than a concrete policy agenda.
• Inclusive Growth as a Strategy: Inclusive growth is defined as a strategy to ensure that the benefits of economic growth are widely shared, translating the "top-line" performance (economic growth) into the "bottom-line" (living standards).
• Feedback Loop Between Growth and Equity: There is a feedback loop between economic growth and social inclusion, which can be either positive or negative. Institutional and policy factors play a critical role in shaping this dynamic.
• Policy Framework: The report presents a framework of seven principal domains and 15 sub-domains, which collectively describe the structural factors influencing inclusive growth and development.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

• A cross-country database of 140 statistical indicators is provided, enabling comparison at the pillar, sub-pillar, and individual indicator level for 109 countries.
• These indicators are used to construct the Inclusive Development Index (IDI), a composite index that measures the accumulated level and five-year trend of inclusive development performance.
• The IDI offers a more integrated view of economic development than GDP per capita alone, highlighting countries that have successfully translated growth into social inclusion, such as Cambodia, the Czech Republic, New Zealand, South Korea, and Vietnam.
• Conversely, countries like Brazil, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa, and the United States have lower IDI rankings than GDP per capita rankings, indicating poor translation of growth into social inclusion.

Performance Trends

• 51% of countries saw a decline in IDI scores over the past five years, showing the difficulty in translating economic growth into social progress.
• In 42% of countries, IDI decreased even as GDP per capita increased, highlighting the need for structural reforms to address inequality.
• Wealth inequality increased by 6.3% on average during the period, with 75% of economies citing it as a major cause.

Implications for National Policy

• Structural Reform as a Continuous Process: Structural reform should be seen as an ongoing process of continuous improvement, integrating demand- and supply-side policies.
• Balancing Growth and Equity: Countries must rebalance policy priorities to emphasize the policy and institutional ecosystem that supports inclusive growth, alongside traditional macroeconomic policies.
• Five Areas of Human Capital Formation: To prepare for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, countries should invest in active labor-market policies, equitable access to education, gender parity, non-standard work benefits, and effective school-to-work transition.
• Systemic Approach Needed: A systemic rather than a "silver-bullet" approach is essential to address the complex challenges of inclusive growth.

Implications for International Economic Cooperation

• Coordinated Structural Reforms: Major economies should collaborate to implement structural reforms that activate the virtuous cycle of inclusive growth.
• Leverage International Organizations: International organizations like the OECD, World Bank, and ILO should support countries in their structural reform efforts.
• Reform Development Finance Institutions (DFIs): DFIs should shift from direct lending to catalyzing public-private financing for sustainable infrastructure, aligning with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Reset Trade and Investment Priorities: Trade and investment cooperation should focus on scaling small-business activity, reducing barriers to trade in services, and catalyzing social and environmental improvements in value chains.
• Modernize Agreements: International agreements should be modernized and aligned to support sustainable development, simplify business operations, and reduce discrimination, especially against small countries.

Conclusion

• Inclusive Growth as a Global Agenda: A coordinated global initiative is needed to transform inclusive growth from an aspiration into a practical and measurable global growth agenda.
• Role of Stakeholders: All stakeholders, including governments and businesses, must engage in a collective effort to reshape the assumptions and priorities of modern market economies.
• Platform for Cooperation: The World Economic Forum's System Initiative on Economic Growth and Social Inclusion aims to serve as a platform for public-private cooperation to advance inclusive growth and development.

Key Contributors

• The report is authored by Richard Samans, Jennifer Blanke, Gemma Corrigan, and Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz.
• It is supported by contributions from International Labour Organization, IMF, OECD, World Bank, WTO, Canada's Finance Ministry, as well as Barclays, McKinsey Global Institute, and Microsoft.
• The project was also shaped by the creativity and diligence of Jennifer Blanke, Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz, and Gemma Corrigan, with valuable input from Thierry Geiger, Stefan Hall, and Aditi Sara Verghese.

Figures and Tables

• Figure 1: Illustrates the Inclusive Growth and Development Framework with seven pillars and 15 sub-pillars.
• Figure 2: Displays the Inclusive Growth and Development Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
• Figure 3: Shows the Inclusive Development Index (IDI) Top Performers.
• A table ranks the top and most improved countries in Advanced Economies and Developing Economies based on IDI scores.

Final Note

The report underscores the urgency of addressing secular stagnation and income dispersion through a systemic and inclusive policy framework, emphasizing the need for international cooperation and structural reform to ensure that economic growth benefits all segments of society.