2010-09-18-世界卫生组织-EVM_Introduction_18页_854kb

EVM Introduction

Part 1 – Some Background

EVM (Effective Vaccine Management) is an evaluation tool for the entire vaccine supply chain. It replaced earlier tools like EVSM and VMA and is designed to set standards for assessing vaccine management systems. The EVM tool includes:

• A structured questionnaire-based assessment.
• Evaluation of records, equipment, and staff knowledge.
• Checks for operational monitoring and evaluation systems.

Historical Background:

• EVSM & VMA were used between 2003–2009, with 35, 53, and 3 assessments respectively.
• EVM became effective from 2009–2010, integrating past experiences and simplifying the framework.

Nine EVM Criteria

EVM covers the following areas:

1. Pre-shipment and arrival procedures.
2. Storage within recommended temperature ranges.
3. Cold and dry storage capacity, including transport.
4. Buildings, cold chain equipment, and transport systems.
5. Maintenance.
6. Stock management.
7. Distribution.
8. Appropriate vaccine management policies.
9. Information systems and supportive management functions.

Eight criteria are applicable to all chain levels, while pre-shipment and policy application may depend on the site level. In 2010, there were nine criteria that determine the performance rating of each supply point.

EVM Levels of Assessment

EVM can evaluate four levels:

• Primary Level (national/regional stores)
• Sub-national Level (provincial, large district)
• Lowest Delivery Level (supplies health facilities)
• Service Points (health facilities)

Each assessment uses a common review period (typically 12 months) and filters criteria to the assessed level, ensuring a context-sensitive approach.

Part 2 – Some Detail

The EVM system includes:

• Site Selection Tool: For systematic selection of sample sites.
• Assessment Assistant: To support assessors during on-site evaluation.
• Data Analysis: Includes computation of scores and summary views.
• Output: Comprehensive reports, facility-specific recommendations, and an Improvement Plan are core deliverables.

EVM Main Uses and Outcomes

• Promotes and embeds quality management principles at both national and facility levels.
• Ensures progress monitoring and long-term improvements.
• Establishes a country performance database for informed decision-making.

Conducting an Assessment

Key Responsibilities:

• The lead assessor coordinates site selection, training, and supervises field staff.
• Training courses familiarize assessors with methodologies and the EVM tool.

Output from an EVM Assessment

• A complete set of questionnaires, data, and assessment analysis.
• A detailed EVM report with recommendations and an agreed Improvement Plan.
• Optional: Uploads of data and reports to a central EVM database.

###Conclusion
EVM is a vital tool within global public health for evaluating and improving the reliability of vaccine supply chains, enabling targeted interventions with measurable outcomes.