2024-10-13-IRENA-新兴市场和发展中经济体的公正和包容性能源转型_能源规划_融资_可持续燃料和社会层面（英）_91页_18mb

报告摘要

A JUST AND INCLUSIVE ENERGY TRANSITION IN EMERGING MARKETS AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES (EMDEs)

Key Findings and Recommendations

Energy Transition Imperative: EMDEs, home to 85% of the global population, account for 95% of energy emission growth and must prioritize renewable energy to limit global warming to 1.5°C. A just transition ensures socio-economic benefits are broadly shared (IRENA, 2024).
Financing Challenges: EMDEs receive ~10% of global energy transition investments (2023), despite needing trillions to meet energy goals. Risks (e.g., currency volatility, grid integration) raise the cost of capital. Solutions include blended finance, green bonds, and stronger public-private partnerships, with G20 leveraging to de-risk investments (IRENA, 2024).
Energy Planning as Foundation: Effective long-term planning (e.g., Brazil’s LTES Network) integrates policy, regulation, and stakeholder engagement. Tools like Scenario-based planning and capacity-building programs are critical for mobilizing investment (IRENA, n.d.).
Role of Sustainable Fuels: Biofuels and e-fuels are essential for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors (aviation, shipping). Regional trade and supply chain integration, paired with sustainability governance (e.g., bio-based economies), can unlock broader climate and economic benefits (IRENA, 2024).
Social Dimensions and Justice: Addressing energy poverty, ensuring equitable access, and empowering communities through inclusive governance are pivotal. Policy interventions like community-owned energy, gender-sensitive training, and social protection schemes can ensure a transition that leaves no one behind (IRENA, 2024).

Key Recommendations

Scaling Finance: Accelerate investment through innovative instruments (blended finance, local currency bonds) and risk-mitigation strategies, especially in Africa and LDCs.
Strengthen Planning: Enhance national LTES networks and institutional capacity for integrated energy planning.
Deploy Sustainable Fuels: Align bioenergy strategies with circular economy principles and leverage regional trade.
Ensure Social Equity: Promote inclusive workforce development, empower marginalized groups, and mainstream social dimensions into transition policies.