2014-12-31-世界卫生组织-2015_GSHS_Fact_sheet_Oman_5页_250kb

2015 Oman Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) Summary

Overview of the Survey

The 2015 Oman GSHS was a school-based survey targeting students in Grades 8-12, typically aged 13-17. The survey employed a two-stage cluster sampling method to ensure the data was representative of all students in this age group. In the first stage, schools were selected based on their enrollment size, and in the second stage, classes were randomly chosen, with all students in these classes eligible to participate.

The overall response rate was 92%, with 98% of schools and 94% of students participating. A total of 3,468 students provided data through self-reported responses on a computer scanable answer sheet.

Core Areas Measured

The GSHS evaluated several key health-related behaviors and factors, including:

• Dietary Behaviors
• Drug Use
• Hygiene
• Mental Health
• Physical Activity
• Protective Factors
• Tobacco Use
• Violence and Unintentional Injury

Key Findings

Dietary Behaviors

• Underweight: 6.2% (4.7-8.3%) overall, with higher prevalence among males (7.6%) and lower among females (5.1%).
• Overweight: 31.4% (28.1-34.9%) overall, with similar rates across genders.
• Obese: 12.7% (10.7-15.0%) overall, with a higher proportion among males (11.9%) and females (13.4%).
• Carbonated Soft Drinks: 43.9% (39.7-48.3%) of students consumed these drinks one or more times per day, with higher consumption among males (49.1%) and lower among females (39.4%).

Drug Use

• Marijuana Use: 2.3% (1.2-4.6%) of students had ever used marijuana, with a higher rate among males (4.7%) and very low among females (0.2%).
• Drug Use Before Age 14: Among those who used drugs, 75.5% (68.2-81.6%) of students in the 13-17 age group first used drugs before age 14, with a slightly higher rate among males (75.6%).

Hygiene

• Teeth Cleaning: 84.6% (79.8-88.5%) of students cleaned or brushed their teeth at least once per day, with higher rates among females (91.3%) than males (77.4%).
• Handwashing After Toileting: 8.6% (6.7-11.0%) of students never or rarely washed their hands after using the toilet, with higher rates among males (10.5%) than females (6.6%).

Mental Health

• No Close Friends: 6.7% (5.3-8.6%) of students had no close friends, with similar rates across genders.

Physical Activity

• 60 Minutes of Physical Activity Daily: 13.2% (10.8-16.1%) of students met this standard, with higher rates among males (16.8%) than females (10.2%).
• Physical Education Participation: 50.6% (47.7-53.5%) of students attended physical education classes at least three days per week, with similar rates across genders.

Protective Factors

• Missed Classes Without Permission: 35.5% (31.8-39.3%) of students missed classes or school without permission, with higher rates among males (38.8%) than females (32.3%).
• Parental Understanding: 42.6% (38.9-46.3%) of students reported that their parents or guardians understood their problems and worries.
• Parental Awareness of Free Time: 44.9% (41.6-48.2%) of students felt their parents or guardians knew what they were doing with their free time.

Tobacco Use

• Current Tobacco Use: 7.1% (5.0-10.0%) of students used any tobacco products in the past 30 days, with higher prevalence among males (12.0%) than females (2.5%).
• Cigarette Smoking: 5.2% (3.6-7.5%) of students smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days, with higher rates among males (8.7%) than females (2.0%).
• Exposure to Smoking: 22.6% (18.7-27.0%) of students were exposed to smoking in their presence, with higher rates among males (27.8%) than females (17.9%).

Violence and Unintentional Injury

• Physical Fights: 47.8% (44.1-51.6%) of students were involved in a physical fight in the past 12 months, with higher rates among males (55.6%) than females (41.3%).
• Serious Injuries: 38.0% (33.5-42.7%) of students were seriously injured in the past 12 months, with higher rates among males (50.5%) than females (27.4%).
• Bullying: 42.3% (40.2-44.5%) of students were bullied in the past 30 days, with similar rates across genders.

Conclusion

The 2015 Oman GSHS provides a comprehensive overview of the health behaviors and risk factors among students aged 13-17. The survey highlights significant gender differences in areas such as tobacco use, exposure to smoking, and physical activity. It also underscores the prevalence of issues like obesity, bullying, and serious injuries, which require targeted interventions to improve student health and well-being. The data serves as a valuable resource for policymakers and health professionals in Oman to design effective public health strategies.