2025-05-28-世界卫生组织-WHO_Vision_and_eye_care_resources_7页_1mb

报告摘要

WHO Vision and Eye Care Summary

Core Content

The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a comprehensive set of tools, guidelines, and initiatives to improve global eye care systems and promote vision health. These resources aim to support countries in delivering integrated, people-centred eye care services across the lifespan, ensuring equitable access to quality eye care interventions, and monitoring progress towards global health targets.

Main Documents and Tools

1. World Report on Vision

Provides evidence on the global burden and impact of eye conditions and vision impairment.
Proposes strategies for integrated people-centred eye care (IPEC) to ensure continuous eye care throughout life, based on individual needs.
Available in multiple languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish.

2. Eye Care in Health Systems: Guide for Action

A step-by-step guide for planning, implementing, and monitoring IPEC services over a 3–5 year cycle.
Includes WHO technical tools to support the process.

3. Eye Care Situation Analysis Tool (ECSAT)

A questionnaire-based tool to assess the current state of national eye care systems.
Designed for health planners and policymakers to develop strategic plans.
Available in digital format.

4. Refractive Error Situation Analysis Tool (RESAT)

A qualitative questionnaire-based tool to evaluate refractive error services and monitor progress towards universal coverage.
Helps identify priority areas for improvement.

5. Tool for the Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetes Management Systems (TADDS)

A questionnaire-based tool to assess diabetes care and diabetic retinopathy prevention and treatment.
Aids in identifying areas to enhance diabetic eye care services.

6. Tool for Assessment of Rehabilitation Services and Systems (TARSS)

A questionnaire-based tool for assessing vision rehabilitation services.
Focuses on assistive technology and support services for people with irreversible vision impairment.

Key Interventions and Packages

1. Package of Eye Care Interventions (PECI)

A set of minimum evidenced-based interventions across the eye care continuum.
Includes required material resources at each level of the health system.

2. MeDevls (Priority Medical Devices Information System)

An open-access database of medical devices developed by WHO.
Supports countries in selecting appropriate medical devices.

3. UHC Compendium

A database of health services and intersectoral interventions.
Assists countries in achieving universal health coverage (UHC).

Human Resources Development

1. Eye Care Competency Framework (ECCF)

A tool to define competencies and activities for eye care workers.
Useful for education institutions, policymakers, and service providers to develop or assess competency-based training.

2. Guide to Applying the ECCF

A step-by-step guide for adapting the ECCF to local contexts.

3. Competency-Based Refractive Error Teams (CRET)

A practical resource to support team-based, high-quality refractive error services.
Provides a structured approach to workforce planning and training.

Learning and Training Resources

1. Learning on TAP

An open-access, online platform for training in assistive technology and sensory health.
Modules available in multiple languages, including vision and hearing screening for school-age children.

2. Vision and Eye Screening Implementation Handbook (VESIH)

Step-by-step guidance for conducting basic vision and eye screenings in community and primary care settings.
Available in English, Spanish, and Portuguese.

3. Vision and Hearing Screening for School-Age Children Implementation Handbook

A practical resource for establishing and scaling up school-based sensory screening programs.

Quality Standards and Service Delivery

1. Summary Guide on Quality Standards for Spectacles

Outlines global minimum quality standards for lenses, frames, and ready-made spectacles.
Ensures safe and effective use of optical products.

2. Approaches for Delivery of Refractive and Optical Care Services

A scoping review of models for delivering refractive and optical services in community and primary care settings.
Guides countries in strengthening these services.

Health Promotion and Prevention

1. MyopiaEd Toolkit

A resource for implementing large-scale myopia education programs.
Includes social media tiles, videos, and promotional materials for healthy eye habits.

2. WHO Be Healthy Be Mobile

A toolkit supporting the implementation of MyopiaEd.
Includes message libraries and web annexes.

3. WHOeyes Mobile Application

A free, population-facing app for checking distance and near visual acuity.
Provides educational messages on eye protection.
Available for iOS and Android in multiple languages.

Monitoring and Evaluation

1. Eye Care Indicator Menu (ECIM)

A comprehensive set of indicators (input, output, outcome, impact) for monitoring IPEC strategies.
Member States can select and use these indicators for tracking progress.

2. WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS)

Includes an optional Sensory Functions module for collecting global eye care coverage indicators.

3. Routine Health Information Systems (RHIS) – Sensory Functions Toolkit

A standard set of core facility indicators for monitoring eye and ear care services.
Includes guidance for data collection and reporting.

2030 Global Targets

1. Report on the 2030 Targets on Effective Coverage of Eye Care

Monitors progress towards the 2030 global targets on effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC) and effective refractive error coverage (eREC).
First report published in 2022, updated data in 2025.

2. WHO SPECS 2030 Initiative

Aims to support Member States in achieving the 2030 target on effective refractive error coverage.
Includes a Strategic and Technical Advisory Group and a Global SPECS Network for coordinated advocacy and action.

General Eye Health Tips

Have regular eye exams: Early detection can prevent future vision loss.
Stop smoking: Reduces risk of cataracts and macular degeneration.
Wear sunglasses and brimmed hats outdoors: Protects against UV exposure.
Avoid eye strain and headaches: Follow the 20-20-20 rule – every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
Encourage outdoor activity: Children should spend at least 90 minutes outdoors to prevent myopia.
Wear eye protection: When using tools or chemicals that could damage the eyes, such as welding or flying debris.