2022-02-08-世界卫生组织-COVID-19_home_care_bundle_for_health_care_workers_2页_93kb

COVID-19 Management Summary

Fever and Symptom Management

• For fever, use antipyretics such as paracetamol.
• Encourage patients to stay hydrated, eat well, rest, and resume activities gradually while monitoring symptoms.
• Provide psychosocial support by addressing patient needs and concerns.

Isolation and Infection Control

• Instruct patients to isolate in a separate room with adequate ventilation and open windows where possible.
• Minimize close contact with others; wear masks if within 1 meter of others or caregivers.
• Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) for caregivers.
• Regular handwashing is recommended.

Antibiotic Use

• Antibiotics are not required unless bacterial infection is suspected.

Monitoring and Worsening Symptoms

• Advise patients to monitor for signs of deterioration, including chest pain, difficulty breathing, fast heart rate, confusion, or altered mental status.
• For high-risk groups (e.g., older age, diabetes, hypertension), monitor oxygen saturation (SpO2) with a pulse oximeter at least twice daily.
• If SpO2 < 90%, seek immediate emergency help; if 90–94%, seek urgent help according to local protocols.
• Emergency signs include obstructions, respiratory distress, cyanosis, shock, or coma.

Severe and Critical Disease Criteria

• Severe COVID-19 in adults may include pneumonia plus high respiratory rate, severe distress, or low SpO2.
• Critical cases involve acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, shock, or other life-sustaining needs.
• Oxygen therapy should be medically prescribed and supervised, using approved devices.

Risk Factors for Severe Disease

• Older age (>60), chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, lung disease, kidney disease), immunosuppression, obesity, and pregnancy are risk factors.

Home Care and Discharge

• Supplemental oxygen must be medically managed to avoid complications.
• Criteria for discontinuing isolation include no symptoms for 10 days plus 3 additional asymptomatic days for symptomatic patients, or 10 days for asymptomatic cases.

Additional Considerations

• Use WHO guidelines for home care and self-management.
• Caution on interpreting low SpO2 in patients with chronic lung disease; look for trends and err on the side of severity.
• In endemic areas (e.g., malaria, TB), follow local protocols.
• Reference sources include WHO documents for clinical management.