SMMT-英国汽车贸易报告2019（英文）-2020.5-19页_3mb

2019 UK Automotive Trade Report Summary

Core Content

The 2019 UK Automotive Trade Report highlights the significance of the UK automotive industry as a global trade hub and its role in the UK economy. The report underscores the sector's economic and employment contributions, its export-oriented nature, and the challenges and opportunities it faces in a post-Brexit environment.

Main Points

1. Economic Contribution

• The UK automotive sector is a major contributor to the UK economy, generating over £100 billion in trade annually.
• It is the largest single exporter of goods in the UK, accounting for 14.4% of total exports.
• Direct employment in the sector is around 168,000, with a turnover of £82 billion and £18.6 billion added to the economy in 2018.
• The sector's success is built on high-value exports, modern infrastructure, and engineering excellence.

2. Trade Overview

• Finished vehicle exports accounted for 81.5% of all UK car production in 2018, with the majority (90%) going to Europe, America, and Asia.
• The EU remains the dominant trading partner, with 57% of UK-built cars exported there in 2018.
• Commercial vehicles (CVs) are also a significant export, with 84,888 units exported in 2018, 60% of which went to the EU.
• The UK is a net exporter of engines, with a record surplus of £1.78 billion in 2018.

3. Supply Chain and Manufacturing

• The UK has a diverse and integrated supply chain, with 2,500 suppliers and a strong presence of both premium and volume manufacturers.
• The sector has evolved significantly since the 1990s, with Japanese investment playing a crucial role in modernizing production and improving efficiency.
• The UK's automotive manufacturing base has allowed it to recover from the 2008 financial crisis and maintain a competitive edge.

4. Trade Challenges

• The UK's future trade relationship with the EU is a critical factor in the sector's stability and growth.
• Brexit uncertainty has already affected investments, output, and job prospects.
• Global trade tensions and shifts in demand for diesel vehicles pose additional risks.
• The transition to WLTP (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure) has disrupted the industry, particularly in terms of compliance and cost.

5. Trade Opportunities

• The UK has opportunities to expand its presence in fast-growing markets, such as China.
• The sector is at the forefront of technological innovation, including ultra-low emission, connected, and autonomous vehicles.
• Global industrial shifts, such as electrification and automation, offer new business models and growth prospects.

6. Trade Policy Recommendations

• The UK must maintain a close and frictionless trade relationship with the EU.
• It should promote international collaboration and reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers.
• A modern and ambitious trade policy is needed to ensure the UK's position in global trade and innovation.
• The sector should be central to the UK's trade strategy, as no meaningful policy can succeed without its inclusion.

Key Information

• Total automotive trade in 2018: Over £101 billion.
• Exports of finished vehicles: £44.4 billion in 2018, representing 81.5% of UK car production.
• Exports of engines: £1.3 billion for petrol and £1.6 billion for diesel, with 80% of engine imports coming from the EU.
• Exports of parts and components: Reached a record £16.8 billion in the 2009–2018 period.
• UK's trade deficit in finished vehicles: £12.6 billion in 2018, driven by a high import dependency.
• UK's top car export destinations in 2018:
  • EU27: 52.6%
  • USA: 17.9%
  • China: 6.1%
  • Japan: 3.3%
• UK's top car import sources in 2018:
  • EU27: 77.8%
  • Germany, Spain, France, and the Czech Republic: 80% of EU imports.
  • China: Over 10,000 units in 2018.
• UK's automotive exports are heavily reliant on preferential trade agreements, with 70% of exports going to markets with tariff-free access or preferential treatment.

Conclusion

The report concludes that while the UK automotive sector has demonstrated resilience and innovation over the past decade, its future depends on stable trade relationships, effective policy frameworks, and continued investment. The industry's export-driven model and global reach make it a key player in the UK's economy, but it faces significant risks from Brexit, trade tensions, and technological disruption. The report calls for strategic government and industry collaboration to ensure the sector remains competitive and influential in the global automotive landscape.