2015年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2016___Pakistan_121页_2mb
报告摘要
Pakistan Economy Profile - Doing Business 2016
Core Content Overview
The Doing Business 2016 report provides a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory environment for small and medium-sized businesses in Pakistan. It measures and tracks changes in regulations across 11 key areas of the business life cycle, including starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and labor market regulation.
The report offers aggregate rankings and distance to frontier (DTF) scores to compare Pakistan's regulatory performance with other economies. These metrics help identify the ease of doing business and the regulatory quality and efficiency in different sectors. Additionally, it provides data for comparator economies to enable more detailed comparisons.
Key Indicators and Rankings
| Indicator | Pakistan DB2016 | Pakistan DB2015 | Comparator Economies | Best Performer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starting a Business (Rank) | 122 | 114 | Bangladesh (117), China (136), Egypt (73), India (155) | New Zealand (1) |
| Starting a Business (DTF Score) | 80.94 | 80.92 | Bangladesh (81.72), China (77.46), Egypt (88.24), India (73.59) | New Zealand (99.96) |
| Procedures (Number) | 10.0 | 10.0 | Bangladesh (9.0), China (11.0), Egypt (20.0), India (33.6) | 5 Economies (7.00) |
| Time (Days) | 19.0 | 19.0 | Bangladesh (19.5), China (31.4), Egypt (8.0), India (29.0) | New Zealand (0.50) |
| Cost (% of Income per Capita) | 9.4 | 9.6 | Bangladesh (13.9), China (0.7), Egypt (8.4), India (13.5) | Slovenia (0.00) |
| Dealing with Construction Permits (Rank) | 61 | 63 | Bangladesh (118), China (176), Egypt (113), India (183) | Singapore (1) |
| Dealing with Construction Permits (DTF Score) | 72.62 | 72.23 | Bangladesh (65.27), China (48.29), Egypt (65.97), India (32.47) | Singapore (92.97) |
| Procedures (Number) | 10.0 | 10.0 | Bangladesh (13.4), China (22.0), Egypt (20.0), India (33.6) | 5 Economies (7.00) |
| Time (Days) | 250.4 | 250.4 | Bangladesh (269.0), China (244.3), Egypt (179.0), India (191.5) | Singapore (26.00) |
| Cost (% of Warehouse Value) | 3.2 | 3.5 | Bangladesh (1.7), China (7.2), Egypt (1.7), India (26.0) | Qatar (0.00) |
| Building Quality Control Index (0-15) | 13.7 | 13.7 | Bangladesh (11.0), China (9.0), Egypt (11.5), India (11.0) | New Zealand (15.00) |
| Registering Property (Rank) | 137 | 137 | Bangladesh (185), China (43), Egypt (111), India (138) | New Zealand (1) |
| Registering Property (DTF Score) | 50.31 | 50.28 | Bangladesh (27.48), China (75.02), Egypt (57.84), India (50.29) | New Zealand (94.46) |
| Procedures (Number) | 6.0 | 6.0 | Bangladesh (8.0), China (4.0), Egypt (8.0), India (7.0) | 4 Economies (1.00) |
| Time (Days) | 50.0 | 50.0 | Bangladesh (244.0), China (19.5), Egypt (63.0), India (47.0) | 3 Economies (1.00) |
| Cost (% of Property Value) | 7.5 | 7.6 | Bangladesh (7.0), China (3.4), Egypt (0.6), India (7.5) | Saudi Arabia (0.00) |
| Quality of Land Administration Index (0-30) | 5.0 | 5.0 | Bangladesh (4.5), China (17.0), Egypt (7.0), India (7.0) | 3 Economies (28.50) |
| Getting Credit (Rank) | 133 | 128 | Bangladesh (133), China (79), Egypt (79), India (42) | New Zealand (1) |
| Getting Credit (DTF Score) | 30 | 30 | Bangladesh (30), China (50), Egypt (50), India (65) | New Zealand (100) |
| Strength of Legal Rights Index (0-12) | 3.0 | 3.0 | Bangladesh (6.0), China (4.0), Egypt (2.0), India (6.0) | 3 Economies (12.00) |
| Depth of Credit Information Index (0-8) | 3.0 | 3.0 | Bangladesh (0.0), China (6.0), Egypt (8.0), India (7.0) | 26 Economies (8.00) |
| Credit Registry Coverage (% of Adults) | 6.7 | 7.3 | Bangladesh (0.9), China (89.5), Egypt (6.6), India (0.0) | Portugal (100.00) |
| Credit Bureau Coverage (% of Adults) | 4.8 | 4.5 | Bangladesh (0.0), China (0.0), Egypt (20.9), India (22.0) | 22 Economies (100.00) |
| Protecting Minority Investors (Rank) | 25 | 24 | Bangladesh (88), China (134), Egypt (122), India (8) | Singapore (1) |
| Protecting Minority Investors (DTF Score) | 66.67 | 66.67 | Bangladesh (53.33), China (43.33), Egypt (45), India (73.33) | Singapore (83.33) |
| Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index (0-10) | 6.7 | 6.7 | Bangladesh (5.3), China (4.3), Egypt (4.5), India (7.3) | 3 Economies (8.30) |
| Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index (0-10) | 6.0 | 6.0 | Bangladesh (6.3), China (5.0), Egypt (4.7), India (6.7) | Singapore (9.30) |
| Extent of Shareholder Governance Index (0-10) | 7.3 | 7.3 | Bangladesh (4.3), China (3.7), Egypt (4.3), India (8.0) | 4 Economies (8.00) |
| Paying Taxes (Rank) | 171 | 171 | Bangladesh (86), China (132), Egypt (151), India (157) | United Arab Emirates (1) |
| Paying Taxes (DTF Score) | 44.46 | 44.46 | Bangladesh (74.42), China (64.46), Egypt (58.87), India (56.14) | United Arab Emirates (99.44) |
| Payments (Number per Year) | 47.0 | 47.0 | Bangladesh (21.0), China (9.0), Egypt (29.0), India (33.0) | Hong Kong SAR (1) |
| Time (Hours per Year) | 594.0 | 594.0 | Bangladesh (302.0), China (261.0), Egypt (392.0), India (243.0) | Luxembourg (55.00) |
| Total Tax Rate (% of Profit) | 32.6 | 32.6 | Bangladesh (31.6), China (67.8), Egypt (45.0), India (60.6) | Ireland (25.90) |
| Trading Across Borders (Rank) | 169 | 168 | Bangladesh (172), China (96), Egypt (157), India (133) | Denmark (1) |
| Trading Across Borders (DTF Score) | 38.11 | 38.11 | Bangladesh (34.86), China (69.13), Egypt (44.92), India (56.45) | Denmark (100) |
| Time to Export: Border Compliance (Hours) | 79 | 79 | Bangladesh (100), China (26), Egypt (48), India (109) | 15 Economies (0.00) |
| Cost to Export: Border Compliance (USD) | 426 | 426 | Bangladesh (408), China (522), Egypt (203), India (413) | 18 Economies (0.00) |
| Time to Export: Documentary Compliance (Hours) | 62 | 62 | Bangladesh (147), China (21), Egypt (88), India (41) | Jordan (0.00) |
| Cost to Export: Documentary Compliance (USD) | 307 | 307 | Bangladesh (225), China (85), Egypt (100), India (102) | 20 Economies (0.00) |
| Time to Import: Border Compliance (Hours) | 141 | 141 | Bangladesh (183), China (92), Egypt (120), India (287) | 19 Economies (0.00) |
| Cost to Import: Border Compliance (USD) | 957 | 957 | Bangladesh (1,294), China (777), Egypt (1,383), India (574) | 28 Economies (0.00) |
| Time to Import: Documentary Compliance (Hours) | 153 | 153 | Bangladesh (144), China (66), Egypt (192), India (63) | 21 Economies (1.00) |
| Cost to Import: Documentary Compliance (USD) | 786 | 786 | Bangladesh (370), China (171), Egypt (650), India (145) | 30 Economies (0.00) |
| Enforcing Contracts (Rank) | 151 | 151 | Bangladesh (188), China (7), Egypt (155), India (178) | Singapore (1) |
| Enforcing Contracts (DTF Score) | 45.35 | 45.35 | Bangladesh (22.21), China (77.56), Egypt (44.6), India (32.41) | Singapore (84.91) |
| Time (Days) | 993.2 | 993.2 | Bangladesh (1,442.0), China (452.8), Egypt (1,010.0), India (1,420.0) | Singapore (150.00) |
| Cost (% of Claim) | 23.0 | 23.0 | Bangladesh (66.8), China (16.2), Egypt (26.2), India (39.6) | Iceland (9.00) |
| Quality of Judicial Processes Index (0-18) | 6.0 | 6.0 | Bangladesh (7.5), China (14.1), Egypt (6.5), India (7.5) | 3 Economies (15.50) |
| Resolving Insolvency (Rank) | 94 | 92 | Bangladesh (155), China (55), Egypt (119), India (136) | Finland (1) |
| Resolving Insolvency (DTF Score) | 42.96 | 43.06 | Bangladesh (26.36), China (55.43), Egypt (36.36), India (32.59) | Finland (93.81) |
| Recovery Rate (Cents on the Dollar) | 39.2 | 39.4 | Bangladesh (25.8), China (36.2), Egypt (26.9), India (25.7) | Japan (92.90) |
| Time (Years) | 2.7 | 2.7 | Bangladesh (4.0), China (1.7), Egypt (2.5), India (4.3) | Ireland (0.40) |
| Cost (% of Estate) | 5.6 | 5.6 | Bangladesh (8.0), China (22.0), Egypt (22.0), India (9.0) | Norway (1.00) |
| Outcome (0 as piecemeal sale and 1 as going concern) | 0 | 0 | Bangladesh (0), China (0), Egypt (0), India (0) | - |
| Strength of Insolvency Framework Index (0-16) | 7.0 | 7.0 | Bangladesh (4.0), China (11.5), Egypt (7.0), India (6.0) | 4 Economies (15.00) |
Main Points and Key Information
Regulatory Quality and Efficiency
- Doing Business measures the regulatory environment for small and medium-sized businesses across 11 key areas.
- The report provides aggregate rankings and distance to frontier (DTF) scores to compare economies.
- DTF scores indicate the absolute distance to the best performance in each indicator.
- Ease of doing business is ranked from 1 to 189, with 1 being the easiest.
Methodology Changes
- Five indicators were expanded, including building regulation quality and electricity price.
- One indicator (trading across borders) underwent a substantial revision.
- Minor updates were made to the protecting minority investors methodology.
- The labor market regulation indicators are not included in the overall ranking.
Economy Overview
- Region: South Asia
- Income Category: Lower middle income
- Population: 185,132,926
- GNI per Capita: $1,410
- DB2016 Rank: 138
- DB2015 Rank: 136 (adjusted for data revisions and methodology changes)
- DB2016 DTF: 51.69
- DB2015 DTF: 51.62
- Rank Change: -2
- DTF Change: +0.07
Comparison with Comparator Economies
- The report provides data for comparator economies (Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India) and the best performer globally (e.g., New Zealand, Singapore, Denmark).
- These comparisons help identify regulatory bottlenecks and areas of strength.
Challenges and Opportunities
- Starting a business and getting credit are major areas of regulatory difficulty.
- Registering property and getting electricity are also challenging.
- Protecting minority investors and enforcing contracts show moderate performance.
- Resolving insolvency and paying taxes are areas for improvement.
- Trading across borders is relatively difficult due to procedural complexity and costs.
Conclusion
The Doing Business 2016 report highlights Pakistan's regulatory challenges in key areas of business operations. While some indicators show modest improvements, others remain highly challenging. The report provides valuable insights for policy makers to identify reforms that could enhance the business environment. The DTF scores and rankings serve as a benchmarking tool to guide regulatory improvements and business efficiency.
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