深度报告-2025-12-11-世界卫生组织-Wastewater_and_Environmental_Surveillance_summary_for_arboviruses_of_human_significance_34页_950kb

报告摘要

Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance: Summary for Arboviruses of Human Significance

Overview

Arboviruses (e.g., Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya) can be detected in wastewater, offering potential for early warning in public health surveillance. However, viral shedding is low-level and short-duration, requiring sensitive molecular methods.

Key Details

Public Health Significance

Most concerning arboviruses: Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, West Nile, Japanese Encephalitis, Yellow Fever, Oropouche.
Causes millions of cases annually with varying severity, spread by climate change, urbanization, and vector expansion.

Disease Sources in Wastewater

Human shedding: Primarily urine, lower than enteric viruses. Short-duration, limited evidence for chronic shedding (except West Nile).
Zoonotic and animal contributions complicate interpretation.

Technical Challenges

Low viral load requires large sample volumes and concentration methods (e.g., magnetic beads, Nanotrap particles).
Degradation rates dependent on temperature, pH, and organic load; persistence up to ~7 days in optimal conditions.
Feasibility limited by matrix interference (inhibition of RT-PCR assays).

Evidence Summary

Strong evidence: Zika (Singapore case study) and Dengue (multiple studies) detections correlated with clinical peaks.
Proof-of-concept: Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile virus detection in non-endemic settings.
Limited evidence: Chikungunga, Dengue (in some contexts), unclear for Yellow Fever and Oropouche.

Integration and Use Cases

Multi-target wastewater surveillance can identify co-circulating arboviruses.
Integration with clinical and entomological surveillance enhances triangulation for actions.
Technical and operational optimization required for field applicability.

Gaps and Questions

Biological plausibility: Extent of shedding varies by pathogen.
Methodology: Optimal sampling, concentration, and detection protocols for low-level viral RNA.
Integration: How WES fits into global surveillance systems.

Conclusions

Arbovirus WES is at proof-of-concept stage but shows potential for early detection and public health utility. Challenges include optimization, interpretability, and funding. Further pilots and standardization recommended.

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