应对全球气候变化的中国务实行动2023（英文）-90页_17mb

Summary of China's Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change

This report outlines China's comprehensive and practical measures to address global climate change, based on the "dual carbon" commitment of peaking carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. It is divided into sections covering top-level policy design, key actions across various sectors, public participation, and international cooperation, derived from the joint research by the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE), and Friends of the Earth (HK).

Introduction and Context

• Background: Climate change is a global crisis requiring multi-stakeholder collaboration. China, as a responsible major developing country, has made significant strides in implementing the Paris Agreement and promoting green development to address emission gaps and achieve sustainability.
• Report Aim: To evaluate China's pragmatic actions, supported by data from the first global stocktake of the Paris Agreement, which shows that while some progress is made, more efforts are needed to meet global temperature goals.
• Key Findings: China has demonstrated strong ambition and potential for accelerated progress through its "1+N" policy system and cross-sector initiatives, contributing positively to emission reductions while facing challenges like international pressure and domestic development needs.

Top-Level Design and Policy Framework

• China established a comprehensive "1+N" policy system in 2021, with the CPC Central Committee and State Council's guidance providing strategic direction.
• Key elements include:
  • Central-Level Policies: Focus on green transition, emission reduction, and renewable energy development.
  • Supporting Plans: 12 implementation plans for key areas like energy, industry, and transportation, along with 11 supporting policies, ensuring coordinated action across regions and sectors.
  • Regional Implementation: All 30 provincial-level administrations have formulated carbon peaking plans, aiming to peak by 2030, with Hong Kong's Climate Action Plan 2050 setting a target for carbon neutrality by 2050.

Pilot Actions and Innovation

• Cities and regions are at the forefront, with 81 national low-carbon pilot cities showing better progress in emission reduction.
• Examples include:
  • Shenzhen and Zhejiang: Leading with local "1+N" frameworks and low-carbon county constructions, fostering innovation in low-carbon technologies.
  • Industrial Advancements: Projects like the HBIS Group's hydrogen-based metallurgy demonstration and the Zhangbei Flexible DC Grid Project exemplify clean energy and carbon capture innovations.
  • The overall effect includes significant reductions in key sectors, with industrial emissions accounting for about 68% of national totals, and progress in decoupling economic growth from carbon output.

Energy Transition and Carbon Reduction

• China is accelerating the shift to renewable energy, with installations surpassing coal power and setting ambitious targets.
• Highlights:
  • Renewable Energy: Non-fossil fuel capacity exceeded 1.3 billion kilowatts in 2023, with wind, solar, and geothermal energy playing major roles; China aims for 25% non-fossil energy by 2030.
  • Traditional Energy: Policies on energy efficiency and carbon intensity reduction have led to a 51% drop in CO2 emission intensity since 2005.
  • Innovations include the national carbon market, with over 3.8 billion tons of emissions disclosed, and voluntary trading mechanisms under development.

Transportation and Urban/Rural Green Development

• Transportation accounts for 15% of national emissions, with electric vehicles increasing from 25.5% market share in 2022 to a national penetration target.
• Urban and rural actions focus on low-carbon buildings, green heating, and energy conservation: for instance, Qinghai's all-clean energy records and Beijing's Winter Olympics' carbon-neutral venues.
• Cumulative target areas for zero-carbon buildings reached 50.3 million square meters, aiding air quality and climate adaptation.

Circular Economy and Carbon Sink Capacity

• Industrial measures include carbon reforms in Wenzhou Yueqing and Baosteel's scrap steel initiatives, promoting resource efficiency.
• Ecosystem carbon sinks involve afforestation and restoration goals: China plans to plant, protect, and restore 70 billion trees by 2030, with efforts for grasslands and wetlands reinforcing carbon absorption.

Green Finance and Public Participation

• Green finance has grown steadily: the Postal Savings Bank provides carbon accounting services, and China's carbon markets, including national and voluntary trading, are expanding.
• Public engagement is encouraged through the Ten Codes of Conduct for Citizens, domestic waste classification, and platforms like the China Automobile Industry Chain Carbon Publicity Platform, raising awareness and fostering behavioral changes.

International Cooperation and Global Initiatives

• China supports global climate governance by halting new overseas coal power projects and aiding developing regions, such as Africa's solar belt program and energy transitions in Southeast Asia.
• At COP28, China calls for concrete, collaborative actions to address the climate crisis, emphasizing equity, historical responsibility, and market mechanisms for decarbonization.

In conclusion, China's pragmatic actions under the Paris Agreement are advancing towards climate goals, with potential for accelerated progress. However, gaps remain, necessitating global unity and practical measures.