2025-06-29-IMF-毛里求斯_选定问题（英）_28页_809kb

IMF Mauritius Country Report Summary

I. Fiscal Policy & Poverty Reduction

• Key Findings:
  • Mauritius' supportive fiscal policies (social transfers, VAT/PIT reforms) reduced poverty and inequality but increased public debt to ~90% of GDP.
  • Poverty rate fell to 7.3% (7.5% using World Bank line), but disparities persist by education/region (e.g., 11% for lower-educated households).
  • Recommendations:
    • Tighten social benefit targeting (e.g., BNP old-age pension beneficiaries skew toward higher incomes).
    • Reform VAT (increase threshold, reduce exemptions) and PIT (lower thresholds) to boost revenue, while protecting the poor.
    • Estimated savings via reforms could sustain poverty reduction without erosion of policy buffers.

II. Residential Real Estate Market

• Key Findings:
  • Housing prices surged 80% since 2019, outpacing wage growth and worsening affordability.
  • Fiscal measures (e.g., PDS tax refunds) post-pandemic are linked to demand over-heating.
  • Supply constraints (e.g., limited FDI licenses) persist despite macroprudential tightening (LTV, DTI ratios).
• Recommendations:
  • Scale back post-pandemic fiscal incentives to curb demand.
  • Accelerate social housing (only ~3,000 units delivered in 5 years).
  • Align construction with climate resilience (environmental impact assessments need strengthening).

III. Climate Resilience in Housing

• Key Findings:
  • Weather shocks (cyclones, floods) cause significant repair costs (US$500/year avg.).
  • Insurance uptake is low (~4% of households), hampering adaptation.
• Recommendations:
  • Expand affordable private insurance, improve awareness, and reduce moral hazard via targeted support.
  • Leverage concessional financing for climate adaptation, coupled with stricter construction standards.