2022-02-26-兰德-中国_俄罗斯和美国在中东（英）_120页_7mb

Crossroads of Competition: Summary

The report examines strategic competition in the Middle East among the United States, China, and Russia, analyzing their political, economic, and military activities. The U.S. prioritizes regional stability, energy security, and alliances, while China focuses on economic investments through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), emphasizing infrastructure and trade. Russia enhances its military presence, particularly in Syria, and engages in arms sales to maintain influence.

Key areas of competition include:

• Port Access: China's investments threaten U.S. naval access, with Oman and the UAE as key sites.
• Technology: China's 5G expansion through Huawei challenges U.S. dominance.
• Arms Sales: Russia's S-400 sales to Turkey and Egypt compete with U.S. arms, complicating interoperability.

Recommendations include:

• U.S. Priorities: Focus on key regions like Bahrain, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia; avoid overextending resources.
• Strategic Maneuver: Use competitive strategies (e.g., funding alternative infrastructure) to offset Chinese and Russian gains.
• Selective Engagement: Concentrate countering actions only when core interests are threatened.

China and Russia complement each other’s efforts, enabling them to collectively pressure the U.S. to maintain a strong regional presence.