2015年-世界发展银行全球_Country_Partnership_Framework_for_the_Republic_of_Haiti_for_the_Period_FY16-FY19_140页_2mb

Summary of the World Bank Group Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Haiti (FY2016-FY2019)

I. Introduction

The World Bank Group (WBG) Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for FY2016-FY2019 outlines the strategy to support Haiti's transition from post-earthquake reconstruction to long-term development. The CPF is aligned with the Government of Haiti's (GOH) Strategic Development Plan for Haiti (PSDH) and the 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), aiming to reduce poverty and promote shared prosperity. It is built on lessons from previous strategies and is designed to be flexible, allowing adjustments based on evolving circumstances. The CPF also proposes the use of IDA 17 resources, reserving IDA 18 for new investments during the Program and Learning Review (PLR) in FY17.

II. Country Context and Development Agenda

A. Social and Political Context

• Haiti's political landscape has evolved significantly since the 2010 earthquake, with the first peaceful transfer of presidential power in its history.
• The transition government is focused on organizing elections, including presidential, parliamentary, and municipal, all due by end of 2015.
• Political instability has historically been a key driver of fragility, but recent years have seen a decrease in widespread violence.
• The Haitian State's capacity to maintain law and order and provide justice is improving, though challenges remain.
• The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) continues to play a vital role in security, with a phased withdrawal planned during the CPF period.
• Armed gangs and criminal networks persist, particularly in marginalized urban areas, undermining stability.
• Haiti's social structure is hierarchical, based on patron-client relationships, which hampers collective action and service delivery.
• The social contract between the state and citizens remains weak, contributing to low trust and increased conflict risk.

B. Trends in Growth and Recent Economic Developments

• Per capita growth has been positive since FY2011, averaging 2.4%.
• Real GDP growth from 2011 to 2014 was around 3.8%, driven by reconstruction aid and remittances.
• The country's GDP per capita has historically declined by 0.7% annually, but recent growth is a significant turnaround.
• Donor assistance has increased over the past decade, with external grants rising from 2% of GDP in 2004 to 12.1% in 2010.
• Concessional financing from Venezuela via the PetroCaribe program has helped reduce external debt to 8.9% of GDP in 2011.
• Donor and concessional financing account for about 70% of public capital spending and 45% of social sector financing.
• As aid declines and oil prices fall, Haiti faces tighter budget constraints, risking progress in poverty reduction and human development.
• Government revenues remain low at around 12% of GDP, limiting fiscal sustainability and the ability to fund public investments.
• The CPF emphasizes the need to improve domestic revenue mobilization and public spending efficiency to maintain economic growth and stability.

III. World Bank Group Partnership Strategy

Key Focus Areas

1. Inclusive Growth

• Objective 1: Enhance income opportunities for the poor.
• Objective 2: Increase access to finance, particularly microcredit.
• Objective 3: Improve energy access and support renewable energy development.
• Objective 4: Strengthen the port sector through capacity and competition improvements.

2. Human Capital

• Objective 5: Expand access to quality primary education.
• Objective 6: Improve health services for mothers and children.
• Objective 7: Control cholera in priority communes.

3. Resilience

• Objective 8: Strengthen natural disaster preparedness.
• Objective 9: Improve disaster prevention and build climate resilience.

Cross-Cutting Themes

• Governance, Transparency, Accountability, and Sustainability:
  • Objective 10: Improve transparency and accountability in public financial management.
  • Objective 11: Enhance capacity for sustainable basic service delivery.

IV. Key Challenges and Risks

• The CPF aims to reduce fragility by building trust between citizens and the state and supporting citizen engagement.
• The risk of debt distress is moderate despite rising debt stock.
• The withdrawal of MINUSTAH could pose security risks, requiring continued international support for police development and governance.
• Political instability remains a concern, especially with upcoming elections.
• Economic growth is expected to slow due to reduced public investment and lower oil revenues from PetroCaribe.
• Haiti's high inequality (Gini coefficient of 0.6) and weak institutions continue to challenge development outcomes.

V. Conclusion

The CPF reflects a strategic shift from immediate post-disaster recovery to sustainable development, emphasizing inclusive growth, human capital investment, and resilience. It is designed to support Haiti's long-term goals of poverty reduction and shared prosperity, while addressing the country's systemic challenges. The CPF also includes mechanisms for program adaptability and learning, ensuring that the WBG remains responsive to Haiti's evolving needs.