美国海军-海上优势：全面整合全域海军的普遍存在（英文）-2021.3-36页_4mb

Summary of "Advantage at Sea"

Core Content

"Advantage at Sea" is a Tri-Service Maritime Strategy by the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, aimed at maintaining U.S. dominance in the maritime domain. The strategy focuses on countering the growing maritime threats from the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Russian Federation (RF), which are challenging the rules-based international order and U.S. military superiority.

Main Points

• U.S. as a Maritime Nation: The United States' security and prosperity depend on the seas. The Naval Service, comprising the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, is the most persistent and versatile instrument of military influence.

• Security Environment: The global security environment has evolved significantly since 2015. China and Russia are actively working to undermine the existing international order and assert dominance in key regions. These nations are increasing their military capabilities and using a mix of military and non-military means to achieve their goals.

• Threats from China and Russia:

  • China: Is expanding its maritime forces and modernizing its navy to challenge U.S. dominance. It is developing a large missile force, including hypersonic and cruise missiles, and is militarizing the South China Sea. It also seeks to control natural resources and restrict access to the oceans.
  • Russia: Is modernizing its military with nuclear and advanced missile systems, and is using cyber and kinetic attacks to threaten global stability. It is also expanding its global reach through various operations and initiatives.

• Implications for the Naval Service:

  • The U.S. must prioritize its most pressing threats and strengthen alliances and partnerships.
  • Forward deployment and assertive operations are essential to deter aggression and maintain strategic advantages.
  • The Naval Service must be prepared to act in all domains—sea, air, land, space, cyber, and the electromagnetic spectrum.

Key Strategies

Integrated All-Domain Naval Power

This strategy emphasizes the synchronized use of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard to create a more competitive and lethal force. It involves leveraging the complementary roles, capabilities, and authorities of the three services to project power across the competition continuum.

Operating Across the Competition Continuum

The Naval Service will engage in five key lines of effort:

• Advance Global Maritime Security and Governance: Work with allies, partners, and international organizations to maintain a free and open maritime environment.
• Strengthen Alliances and Partnerships: Expand and maintain a large and diverse network of allies and partners to generate collective power.
• Confront and Expose Malign Behavior: Hold adversaries accountable by exposing their activities and diminishing the effectiveness of their propaganda.
• Expand Information and Decision Advantage: Maintain superiority in coordinating and maneuvering forces, enabling faster and more effective responses.
• Deploy and Sustain Combat-Credible Forces: Ensure that forward-deployed forces are ready to deter and prevail in any scenario.

Modernization and Preparedness

• The U.S. must modernize its naval forces to maintain a credible deterrent and ensure dominance in contested environments.
• Modernization efforts will focus on new platforms, technologies, and operational concepts such as Distributed Maritime Operations, Littoral Operations in a Contested Environment, and Expeditionary Advanced Base Operations.
• The Naval Service must be agile, mobile, and scalable to operate effectively in a complex and evolving security landscape.

Conclusion

"Advantage at Sea" outlines a comprehensive approach to maintaining U.S. maritime superiority in the face of growing threats from China and Russia. It calls for a unified, integrated, and modernized Naval Service that can act across the full spectrum of competition, from day-to-day engagement to potential conflict. The strategy underscores the importance of alliances, partnerships, and the rule of law in preserving a free and open international order.

Key Information

• Global Trade: 90% of global trade travels by sea, supporting $5.4 trillion of U.S. commerce and 31 million jobs.
• Undersea Cables: Transmit 95% of international communications and about $10 trillion in financial transactions daily.
• China's Naval Growth: China's navy battle force has more than tripled in size in two decades.
• Russian Threats: Russia may use cyber or kinetic strikes and has a strong presence in strategic regions.
• Multi-Domain Operations: The Naval Service must operate across all domains, including cyber and space, to maintain an advantage.

Annex and Glossary

• The strategy is complemented by separate Service Chief guidance, including the Chief of Naval Operations' Navigation Plan, the Commandant of the Marine Corps' Planning Guidance, and the Commandant of the Coast Guard's Strategic Plan.
• A glossary is included for clarity and understanding of the terminology used throughout the document.

This strategy represents a unified effort to ensure the United States remains a dominant maritime power and protects its national interests in a rapidly changing global environment.