《联合国营养行动十年2016-2025：今后五年的优先营养行动》英-12页_1mb

Summary of the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition 2016-2025: Priority Actions on Nutrition for the Next Five Years

Overview of the Online Consultation

This document summarizes the outcomes of an online consultation held from 20 May to 21 June 2021 on the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016-2025), organized by the FAO Global Forum on Food Security and Nutrition (FSN Forum) and facilitated by Stineke Oenema from UN Nutrition. The consultation aimed to provide feedback on the proposed plan forward for the Nutrition Decade and focused on the six Action Areas. A parallel online survey received 185 responses, reflecting additional insights.

The consultation involved 24 participants from 17 countries, with a significant proportion from academia and NGOs. The geographical distribution was uneven, with the majority of participants from Western Europe and Others Group (WEOG) and the Asia-Pacific Group.

Core Content and Main Views

Key Themes Identified

• Human rights framework: Participants emphasized the need to frame the Nutrition Decade around human rights, ensuring that the right to food and nutrition is central.
• Systems approach: A holistic and integrated systems approach was recommended to address the complex and interlinked factors contributing to malnutrition.
• Role of agroecology: Agroecology was highlighted as a critical approach to sustainable food systems and improving nutrition.
• Regulatory measures: There was a call for stronger regulatory actions over voluntary measures, including the use of WHO "best buys" and True Cost Accounting.
• Monitoring and accountability: Civil society organizations should play a key role in monitoring progress, with the establishment of annual benchmarks.
• Private sector influence: The private sector's role in nutrition governance was scrutinized, with a need for transparency, ethical guidelines, and limits on lobbying.

Priority Actions by Action Area

Action Area 1: Sustainable, Resilient Food Systems for Healthy Diets

• Promote nutritious, whole food diets aligned with local ecosystems and cultural contexts.
• Direct financial and fiscal policies towards ecologically beneficial farming and indigenous crops.
• Create enabling environments for agroecology and regenerative approaches.
• Leverage technological innovations to improve food system efficiency.
• Support SMEs and smallholders through financial and technical assistance.
• Restructure agricultural support to prioritize climate-smart agriculture and nutrition.
• Scale up nutrition objectives in food and agriculture policies.
• Implement food reformulation, especially for take-away foods.
• Increase production and consumption of fortified foods.
• Reduce trans fats and promote whole foods and minimally processed proteins.
• Implement sodium reduction strategies across the food industry.

Action Area 2: Aligned Health Systems Providing Universal Coverage of Essential Nutrition Actions

• Focus on nutrition during the first 1000 days of life.
• Promote healthy maternal and child nutrition, including adequate complementary feeding.
• Integrate animal and ecological health into nutrition policy.
• Address antimicrobial resistance with stringent regulations.
• Adopt a life cycle and systems approach to malnutrition.
• Integrate non-communicable diseases and undernutrition into government responses.
• Reach consensus on essential nutrition actions.

Action Area 3: Social Protection and Nutrition Education

• Improve health workers' capacities in nutrition and set global competence standards.
• Include nutrition in school curricula and ensure it is culturally relevant.
• Develop food-based dietary guidelines and use them in public institutions.
• Raise awareness among youth about the health impacts of processed and genetically modified foods.
• Implement curricula that address gender inequality in food distribution.
• Provide nutrition training to children, parents, and school staff.
• Couple curricula reform with public procurement policies supporting local agroecological producers.

Action Area 4: Trade and Investment for Improved Nutrition

• Support innovation in sustainable production and healthy product commercialization.
• Ensure trade policies do not undermine local and territorial markets.
• Increase investment and regulation for local food markets.
• Curb large companies' investments in unhealthy foods.
• Promote holistic prevention over reductionist curative approaches.
• Estimate the ex-ante impact of trade policies before negotiations.

Action Area 5: Safe and Supportive Environments for Nutrition at All Ages

• Ensure public procurement policies promote food quality and restrict highly processed foods.
• Apply the NOVA classification for food products.
• Provide lifestyle guidance and integrate personalized nutrition and preventive medicine.
• Address the social determinants of malnutrition.
• Restrict marketing of unhealthy foods to children.
• Implement mandatory front-of-package labelling.
• Apply the precautionary principle in regulatory instruments.
• Tax highly processed foods based on their health and environmental impact.

Action Area 6: Strengthened Governance and Accountability for Nutrition

• Promote cross-sectoral dialogue and collaboration.
• Ensure inclusive governance with the participation of right holders.
• Establish safeguards against undue private sector influence.
• Improve institutional frameworks and consumer protection laws in developing countries.
• Mainstream principles from the Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure.
• Conduct evidence-based planning and programming with robust monitoring and evaluation.
• Address lobbying and enhance the role of right holders in policy dialogue.
• Scale up investments in national nutrition information systems.

Cross-Cutting Actions

• Integrated approach: Promote human, ecological, and animal health, along with a gender relations perspective.
• Stakeholder collaboration: Encourage open dialogue and clarification of the private sector's role in sustainable food systems.
• Research and innovation: Support R&D throughout the food value chain with adequate funding.
• Networks and partnerships: Create networks between universities, research institutions, and the private sector.
• Cross-sectoral collaboration: Enshrine the sustainable food systems agenda into a whole-of-society and whole-of-government approach.
• True Cost Accounting: Mainstream this approach to consider environmental, social, and health impacts of policies and practices.
• Science-based strategies: Use evidence and knowledge sharing through data collection and knowledge transfer platforms.

Issues Hindering Global Nutrition Targets

• Focus on food quantity: There is a need to shift focus from calorie production to food quality and health.
• Siloed policymaking: An integrated approach across sectors (agriculture, environment, health, etc.) is essential.
• Private sector influence: Policies should ensure equity and prevent undue influence from powerful economic actors.
• Insufficient public funding: Greater investment is needed to achieve the Nutrition Decade's objectives.
• Lack of nutrition education: This hinders behavior change and informed choices.
• Unaffordability of healthy diets: Subsidies for unprocessed foods and taxes on unhealthy products are suggested.
• Social inequity: Addressing minimum wages and health access is crucial.
• Nutrition capacity in health workforce: Building this capacity supports behavior change.
• Focus on cash crops: This reduces attention to nutritious crops; incentives should be provided for diverse production.
• Food safety and quality: Measures like "dry chain" and integrated pest management are needed.
• Food marketing: Regulations should address new promotional methods via media and digital platforms.
• Excessive food consumption: Dietary energy requirements should be personalized.
• Food fraud: Strengthen food quality standards to prevent this.

Conclusion

The consultation and survey emphasized the need for a rights-based, integrated, and science-driven approach to nutrition. Priority actions span across food systems, health systems, social protection, trade, environments, and governance. Cross-cutting actions aim to enhance synergies and ensure accountability. Addressing the barriers to achieving nutrition targets requires a shift from siloed thinking to a holistic and inclusive strategy that involves all stakeholders and prioritizes the health and well-being of people and the planet.