2024-03-31-联合国儿童基金会-2023年儿童死亡率报告_96页_6mb

Summary of "Levels & Trends in Child Mortality" Report 2023

Core Content

The 2023 UN IGME Report presents an analysis of child, adolescent and youth mortality levels and trends globally, with a focus on under-five mortality, neonatal mortality, and mortality among children aged 5–24 years. The report highlights the progress made since 2000, the challenges that remain, and the urgent need for action to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.

Main Points

• Global Progress:

  • In 2022, 4.9 million under-five deaths were recorded, a decline of more than half since 2000.
  • Neonatal deaths accounted for 2.3 million, and adolescent deaths were 0.9 million.
  • The global under-five mortality rate (U5MR) has seen a significant drop, but uncertainty remains due to limited recent data.

• Disparities in Mortality:

  • Children in sub-Saharan Africa are 18 times more likely to die before age 5 than those in Australia and New Zealand.
  • The risk of death in the highest-mortality country is 80 times greater than in the lowest-mortality country.
  • Poverty, conflict, and fragility significantly increase the likelihood of child mortality.

• SDG Targets and Current Trends:

  • The SDG target for under-five mortality is 25 or fewer deaths per 1,000 live births by 2030.
  • The SDG neonatal mortality target is 12 or fewer deaths per 1,000 live births by 2030.
  • 59 countries are at risk of missing the under-five mortality target.
  • 64 countries are at risk of missing the neonatal mortality target.
  • 35 million children under 5 are projected to die by 2030 if current trends continue.

• Preventable Causes of Death:

  • The leading causes of death for children under 5 include prematurity, lower respiratory infections, birth asphyxia, malaria, diarrhoea, congenital anomalies, injuries, sepsis, tuberculosis, measles, meningitis, HIV/AIDS, and tetanus.
  • Many of these deaths are preventable with low-cost, effective interventions.

• Data Gaps and Challenges:

  • Two in five countries have child mortality data older than five years.
  • Data completeness and quality are especially low in low- and lower-middle-income countries, fragile and conflict-affected settings, and countries at risk of missing SDG targets.
  • Vital registration systems are not fully functional in many regions, with only 25% of 106 countries producing quality data since 2015.

• Key Recommendations:

  • Local, subnational, and national investments are essential to ensure access to proven interventions.
  • Political commitment, financing, and monitoring are critical to accelerate progress.
  • Community health workers play a vital role in improving child and maternal health outcomes.
  • Data systems must be strengthened to support accurate monitoring and equitable resource allocation.

• Call to Action:

  • The report urges urgent action to preventable deaths and to close data gaps.
  • It emphasizes the need for synergistic approaches across healthcare systems, policy frameworks, and community engagement.
  • Equity and quality must be prioritized in all interventions to ensure every child has a fair chance to survive.

Key Information

• Total under-five deaths in 2022: 4.9 million (4.6–5.4 million range).
• Neonatal deaths in 2022: 2.3 million.
• Adolescent deaths in 2022: 0.9 million.
• Total under-five deaths since 2000: 221 million.
• Total stillbirths since 2000: 53 million (nearly 53 million stillbirths occurred between 2000 and 2021).
• Under-five deaths in sub-Saharan Africa: 57% of global under-five deaths, but only 30% of global live births.
• Under-five deaths in Southern Asia: 26% of global under-five deaths, 27% of global live births.
• Countries at risk of missing SDG targets:
  • 59 countries may miss the under-five mortality target.
  • 64 countries may miss the neonatal mortality target.
  • 52 countries are off track to meet the proposed 1-59-months mortality rate target.

Conclusion

The report underscores that while global progress in reducing child mortality is notable, inequalities persist, and data gaps remain. The SDG targets are within reach, but urgent action is needed to ensure they are met. The key to success lies in scaling up effective interventions, improving data systems, and addressing systemic inequities. The right to survival of every child must be prioritized, and collective global efforts are essential to achieve this goal by 2030.