2014-12-31-世界卫生组织-2015_STEPS_Country_Report_Turkey_Syrian_Refugees_90页_9mb

报告摘要

Health Status Survey of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: NCD Risk Factors Analysis

This report presents the findings of the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) for non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among Syrian refugees aged 18-69 years living in Turkey. A sample of 5,760 individuals across 10 provinces was surveyed to establish baseline NCD risk factor data.

Methodology

Applied the WHO STEPS methodology to assess tobacco use, harmful alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, blood pressure, and biological measurements.
Used a multistage sampling design with weighting to account for population distribution.
Physical measurements including height, weight, and blood pressure.

Demographic Characteristics

Age & Sex: 42.3% men (avg age 37.2), 57.7% women (avg age 34.9); women constitute a higher proportion than men across most age groups.
Education: Low average years of schooling; decreases with age. Among adults (≥18), <1% completed university.
Employment: Most are laborers/labor force; unemployment is higher among older adults and women.
Income: Average household income ~$108 USD per month; significant disparities by province (Gaziantep highest, Kilis lowest).

Key NCD Risk Factors

1. Tobacco Use

Prevalence: 34% current users, 55.0% of men vs. 11.8% of women (p < 0.05).
Higher among younger men; peaks in men aged 30-44 (57.4%).
Most users report smoking daily (>90% of smokers); daily use increases with age.

2. Diet & Physical Activity

Fruit/Vegetable Intake: Low consumption; average 4 days/week; 40.0% do not consume daily.
Salt Intake: High; >60% report adding salt always/often to meals; decreases with age.
Physical Inactivity: 63.5% do not meet WHO recommendations (<150 min moderate activity weekly). Higher rates among women and older adults.

3. Alcohol Consumption

Lifetime abstention: 98.6% of all refugees; extremely rare among women (99% lifetime abstainers).
Only <1% consumed alcohol in the past 12 months.

4. Overweight/Obesity

BMI Categories: 1.4% underweight, 38.3% normal, 32.6% overweight, 27.7% obese.
Obesity prevalence (BMI ≥30): 36.2% of women vs. 20.7% of men (p < 0.05); highest among women aged 45-59 (66.3%) and 60-69 (61.8%).

5. Hypertension

Prevalence: 25.6% overall (23.8% in women). Increases significantly with age (p < 0.05) – 53.7% in men aged 60-69, 67.8% in women aged 60-69.
Control: Only 56.2% with hypertension are on medication; uncontrolled hypertension is higher among older populations.

6. Other Risk Factors

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD): 6.4% report history; increases with age (24.7% in 60-69 year-olds).
Diabetes: 79.1% have never had blood sugar measured; 15.9% had blood sugar measured but not diagnosed high-normal levels.
Traditional Medicine Use: Higher among older adults, particularly men (8.5% in 45-59 year-old men).

Conclusion

Syrian refugees face a high burden of modifiable NCD risk factors under challenging living conditions.
Key priorities: reducing tobacco use, improving diet and physical activity, and enhancing access to healthcare for hypertension and other chronic conditions.
Results should inform both national policies in Turkey and international humanitarian responses targeting refugee populations.

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