世界银行-格鲁吉亚系统性国家诊断更新：保持改革势头（英）-2023.10-84页_1mb

报告摘要

Georgia: Keeping the Reform Momentum

Context

Economic Performance: Robust GDP growth (4.5% per capita, 2016–22), resilient amid COVID-19 and geopolitical shocks.
Income Status: Retained upper-middle-income status, nearing EU candidacy requirements.
Challenges: Productivity deficits, limited structural transformation, and risks from aging population, climate change, and trade uncertainties.

Main Challenges & Key Findings

Economic Growth & Inclusion

Growth Drivers: Capital accumulation (≈50% contribution to GDP growth), weak productivity (TFP stagnant at firm level).
Poverty & Inequality: Poverty reduction slowed; inequality declined but lagged peers; quality jobs scarce despite high unemployment.

Sustainability

Environmental Deficits: Carbon emissions tied to growth; air/water degradation; low renewable energy share (2% renewable share).

Governance & Resilience

Systemic Weaknesses: Judicial delays, lack of enforcement; high dollarization exposes to exchange risks; SOE fiscal risks persist.

Policy Priorities

Human Capital:
- Strengthen education quality and skills (linked to equity).
- Improve primary healthcare access and efficiency.
Inclusive Growth:
- Ease labor market constraints, promote female participation.
- Targeted social protection to shield vulnerable groups.
Green Transition:
- Invest in energy efficiency (industry, transport) and renewables.
- Green fiscal tools (carbon taxes) to steer toward low-carbon tech.
Macroeconomic Stability:
- Fortify SOE governance, enhance fiscal buffers and disaster risk management.

High-Level Outcomes (HLOs)

By 2030: Achieve enhanced job creation via productivity, equitable human capital; climate readiness; and shock resilience through fiscal risk management.