世界银行-现金为王_西非妇女现金转移对当地经济的影响（英）-2025.5_106页_1mb

This study examines the local economic effects of unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) provided to women in ultra-poor households in Northern Nigeria. The research, conducted through a randomized controlled trial, demonstrates that cash transfers significantly boost female enterprise ownership, local business creation, household income, food security, and women's decision-making power. One year after the transfers ended, the program generated a partial income multiplier of 0.32, indicating a substantial economic impact. Key findings include sustained increases in female entrepreneurship, even among non-beneficiary households in treated villages, and improvements in household welfare and agricultural productivity. The results highlight the role of cash transfers in alleviating poverty constraints and empowering women by leveraging demand-side effects and addressing gender-specific barriers. These findings suggest that cash transfer programs can have positive local spillovers and contribute to broader economic development in low-income settings.

Methodology involved targeting ultra-poor households, distributing transfers over 15 months, and tracking outcomes through baseline, midline, and endline surveys. The analysis employed regression techniques, including spatial methods to assess spillovers at different geographic scales. The program's success in enhancing female economic participation and local market activity underscores its potential for policy interventions aimed at gender equality and poverty reduction.

The study concludes that cash transfers not only benefit direct recipients but also stimulate local economic growth through demand-side effects, providing evidence for the effectiveness of such programs in generating multipliers in underdeveloped economies. However, it notes limitations in capturing comprehensive gender norm changes, though enterprise activity saw strategic adaptations by women to comply with social constraints. This research contributes to the understanding of fiscal multipliers and gender-responsive design in development economics.