世界银行-平衡肥料使用的产量收益_来自印度东部的证据（英）-2025.5_36页_1mb

Decimal Update on Balancing Fertilizer Use for Higher Agricultural Output in Eastern India

• Introduction and Motivation: Most studies overlook the importance of balancing the use of nutrients in fertilizers, especially potassium and nitrogen. Imbalances affect not only rice yields but also rice productivity and farmer incomes. The paper fills this gap by assessing the causal relationship between potassium-nitrogen (K-N) ratios and agricultural output in three Indian states (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Odisha) using a two-stage least squares (2SLS) method with distance to fertilizer plants and ports.

• Data and Methods: The study relies on primary data from the Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) surveys, combined with distance-based IV instruments reflecting the endogeneity of fertilizer choice. The analysis was separated using geographical constraints in the In conclusion, the paper suggests that policy changes with nitrogen input regulations and subsidies should be addressed in line with K fertilization to increase productivity sustainably.