2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Turkmenistan_2021_country_profile_10页_364kb

Summary of Turkmenistan's Tobacco Control Measures (MPOWER)

Core Content Overview

This summary outlines Turkmenistan's compliance with the WHO MPOWER measures, which are designed to reduce tobacco use and its associated health risks. The measures include monitoring tobacco use, creating smoke-free environments, offering cessation programmes, warning about tobacco dangers, using mass media for anti-tobacco campaigns, and enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship. Additionally, it includes information on tobacco taxation and affordability.

MPOWER Compliance Scores

Key Information

1. Monitoring Tobacco Use

• Nationally representative surveys of adults: Conducted, recent, and periodic.
• Nationally representative surveys of adolescents: Conducted, recent, and representative, but not periodic.
• Tobacco use prevalence (2018):
  • Male: Current use 7.0%, Daily use 4.9%
  • Female: Current use 0.2%, Daily use 0.1%
  • Both sexes: Current use 3.6%, Daily use 2.6%
• WHO age-standardized estimated prevalence (2019):
  • Male: Any tobacco use 13.2%, Cigarette smoking 9.9%
  • Female: Any tobacco use 0.5%, Cigarette smoking 0.4%
  • Both sexes: Any tobacco use 6.9%, Cigarette smoking 5.2%

2. Smoke-Free Environments

• Compliance score: 9
• Smoke-free laws:
  • Health-care facilities: Complete (10)
  • Educational facilities (excluding universities): Complete (10)
  • Universities: Complete (10)
  • Government facilities: Complete (10)
  • Indoor offices and workplaces: Complete (10)
  • Restaurants: Complete (9)
  • Cafés, pubs, and bars: Moderate (6)
  • Public transport: Complete (10)
  • All other public places: Not applicable
• Fines for violations: Yes
• Funds for enforcement: No
• Complaint system: No

3. Cessation Programmes

• Toll-free quit line: Yes
• Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT):
  • Legal sale: Yes
  • Purchase location: Pharmacy without prescription
  • Health insurance coverage: No
  • Essential drugs list: Yes
• Bupropion:
  • Legal sale: Yes
  • Purchase location: Pharmacy without prescription
  • Health insurance coverage: No
• Varenicline:
  • Legal sale: Yes
  • Purchase location: Pharmacy without prescription
  • Health insurance coverage: No
• Smoking cessation support availability:
  • Health clinics: No
  • Hospitals: No
  • Office of a health professional: Yes in most
  • Community: No
  • Other: Yes in some
• Health insurance coverage for cessation support: Fully covered in some locations

4. Health Warnings on Tobacco Packages

• Mandatory health warnings: Yes
• Percentage of principal display area covered:
  • Cigarettes: 65%
  • Other smoked tobacco: Not applicable
  • Smokeless tobacco: Not applicable
• Warnings at top of package: Yes
• Font style, size, and colour: Yes
• Rotating warnings: Yes
• Language: Yes
• Obscured by tax stamps: No
• Graphics or photographs: Yes for cigarettes, No for other tobacco products
• Warnings on each package: Yes
• Applicable to all tobacco products: No
• Specific health warnings: Yes (10 for cigarettes), Yes (1 for smokeless tobacco)

5. Bans on Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship

• Compliance score: 10
• Direct advertising bans:
  • National TV and radio: Yes
  • International TV and radio: Yes (interpreted)
  • Local magazines and newspapers: Yes
  • International magazines and newspapers: Yes (interpreted)
  • Billboards and outdoor advertising: Yes
  • Point of sale advertising: Yes
  • Internet advertising: Yes
  • Other direct bans: Yes
• Promotion and sponsorship bans:
  • Free distribution: Yes
  • Promotional discounts: Yes
  • Non-tobacco products identified with tobacco brand names: Yes
  • Appearance in TV and films: Yes
  • Prescribed anti-tobacco ads before/after tobacco-related media: Not applicable
  • Complete ban on sponsorship: Yes
  • Ban on publicizing sponsorship: Yes
  • Ban on CSR activities: Yes
  • Tobacco companies publicizing CSR: Yes
  • Others publicizing CSR: Yes
  • Tobacco companies funding prevention campaigns: Yes

6. Tobacco Taxation and Affordability

• Taxation policy:
  • TIRSP for lowest cost brand: TMT 30.00
  • TIRSP for premium brand: TMT 35.00
  • Taxes on most sold brand (2020):
    • Total taxes: 42.21%
    • Ad valorem excise: 29.17%
    • Specific excise: 0.00%
    • VAT/sales tax: 13.04%
    • Import duty: 0.00%
    • Other taxes: 0.00%
• Affordability:
  • Cigarettes less affordable since 2010: Yes
  • % of GDP per capita needed to buy 100 packs: 10.62%
  • Trend change in affordability: Yes (increased between 2010 and 2020)

7. Earmarked Taxes for Health

• Earmarking of tobacco taxes for health: No

8. Additional Tax Information

• Type of excise applied: Ad valorem excise
• Uniform excise tax: Yes
• Minimum specific tax in mixed regime: Yes
• Price dispersion: 85.71%
• Duty-free cigarette sales banned: No

9. National Tobacco Control Programme (as of 31 December 2020)

• Specific national government objectives: Yes
• National agency for tobacco control: Yes
• Number of full-time equivalent staff: Not available
• Government expenditures on tobacco control: Not available

Main Points

• Turkmenistan has implemented comprehensive smoke-free laws with a compliance score of 9.
• Cigarettes have become less affordable since 2010, with a compliance score of 10 for the advertising ban.
• Health warnings are mandatory on cigarette packages, covering 65% of the principal display area.
• There is a national anti-tobacco mass media campaign with a compliance score of 10.
• Nicotine replacement therapy is legally available, but not covered by health insurance.
• The country has not earmarked tobacco taxes for health purposes.
• No data on cessation support in health clinics or hospitals.