2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Georgia_2021_country_profile_10页_337kb

Summary of Georgia's Tobacco Control Measures (MPOWER)

Core Content Overview

Georgia has implemented a range of tobacco control measures as outlined in the WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2021. The country is a Party to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which has influenced its tobacco control policies. The MPOWER compliance score is used to evaluate the effectiveness of these measures, with a score of 0-10, where 10 represents full compliance.

MPOWER Measures and Compliance

Monitoring (M)

• Compliance Score: Not explicitly provided.
• National Surveys:
  • Adults: Nationally representative surveys were conducted in 2019.
  • Adolescents: Surveys were conducted via the ESPAD project in 2019.
• Tobacco Use Prevalence (2019):
  • Male: 55.5% current use, 54.9% daily use.
  • Female: 7.8% current use, 6.8% daily use.
  • Both sexes: 30.7% current use, 29.4% daily use.
• WHO Age-Standardized Prevalence (2019):
  • Male: 58.0% any tobacco use, 48.7% daily use.
  • Female: 7.0% any tobacco use, 5.8% daily use.
  • Both sexes: 32.5% any tobacco use, 27.3% daily use.

Smoke-Free Environments (P)

• Compliance Score: 8
• Smoke-Free Laws:
  • Health-care facilities: Yes, compliance score 7.
  • Educational facilities (excluding universities): Yes, compliance score 10.
  • Universities: Yes, compliance score 8.
  • Government facilities: Yes, compliance score 7.
  • Indoor offices and workplaces: Yes, compliance score 7.
  • Restaurants: Yes, compliance score 10.
  • Cafés, pubs and bars: Yes, compliance score 10 (with strict conditions for cigar bars).
  • Public transport: No, not covered.
  • Other public places: Not covered.
• Fines for violations: Yes for both establishments and smokers.
• Enforcement resources: No dedicated funds for enforcement.
• Complaint system: No system requiring investigation after complaints.

Cessation Programmes (O)

• Quit Line: Yes, a toll-free telephone quit line is available.
• Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT):
  • Legal availability: Yes.
  • Purchase: Available in pharmacies without a prescription.
  • Insurance coverage: No.
  • Essential drugs list: No.
• Bupropion: Not legally sold.
• Varenicline: Legal, available in pharmacies without a prescription, but not covered by insurance.
• Cessation Support Availability:
  • Health clinics: Yes in some.
  • Hospitals: No.
  • Community: No.
• Insurance coverage for support: Partially covered in health clinics.

Health Warnings (W)

• Compliance Score: 8
• Health Warnings on Cigarettes:
  • Mandated: Yes.
  • Percentage of principal display area: 65%.
  • Font style, size, and colour: Yes.
  • Rotating warnings: Yes.
  • Language: Yes, in the principal language(s).
  • Obstructed by other markings: No.
  • Graphic/photographic warnings: Yes.
  • Warnings on all packaging: Yes.
  • Apply to all tobacco products: Yes.
• Specific Health Warnings:
  • Cigarettes: 12 approved.
  • Other smoked tobacco: 12 approved.
  • Smokeless tobacco: 1 approved.
• Misleading descriptors: Banned.
• Plain packaging: Not mandated, but legislation enabling it is in place.

Mass Media (MASS)

• National Campaign (2018–2020):
  • Conducted: Yes.
  • Media channels: Television and radio.
  • Audience research: Yes.
  • Materials tested: Yes.
  • Evaluation done: No.
  • Part of a comprehensive program: Yes.

Advertising Bans (E)

• Compliance Score: 8
• Direct Advertising Bans:
  • National TV and radio: Yes, compliance score 10.
  • Local magazines and newspapers: Yes, compliance score 10.
  • Billboards and outdoor: Yes, compliance score 10.
  • Point of sale: Yes, compliance score 7.
  • Internet: Yes, compliance score not specified.
• Indirect Bans:
  • Promotional discounts: Yes, compliance score 10.
  • Non-tobacco products identified with tobacco brand names: Yes, compliance score 8.
  • Tobacco in TV/films: Yes, compliance score 8.
  • Tobacco products in TV/films: Yes, compliance score 5.
  • Anti-tobacco ads in entertainment media: Not required.
  • Complete ban on sponsorship: Yes, compliance score 8.
  • Ban on publicizing sponsorship: Yes.
  • Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Not banned.
  • Tobacco companies funding prevention campaigns: No.
• Point of sale display: Banned.
• Tobacco vending machines: Banned.
• Internet sales: Banned.

Taxation (R)

• Compliance Score: 81.2% of retail price is taxed.
• Tax Components:
  • Total taxes: 81.24%.
  • Specific excise: 34.00%.
  • Ad valorem excise: 30.00%.
  • VAT/sales tax: 15.25%.
  • Import duty: 1.99%.
• Affordability:
  • Cigarettes less affordable: Yes, since 2010.
  • Trend since 2010: No change.
• E-liquids taxes:
  • Closed systems: 19.25% total taxes.
  • Open systems: 50.55% total taxes.
• Excise type: Mixed excise.
• Uniform excise tax: Yes.
• Tax adjustments for inflation: No.
• Price dispersion: 38.46% (cheapest brand vs. premium brand).
• Duty-free sales: Not banned.

Key Information

• WHO FCTC Compliance: Georgia signed the FCTC on 20 February 2004 and ratified it on 14 February 2006.
• National Tobacco Control Programme: Exists with 3 full-time equivalent staff and government expenditure of GEL 800,000 in 2018.
• Affordability: Cigarettes have become less affordable since 2010.
• Earmarking of Taxes: No tobacco taxes are earmarked for health purposes.
• Subnational Laws: Subnational jurisdictions do not have authority to implement additional tobacco control measures.

Summary Table

Conclusion

Georgia has made significant progress in implementing tobacco control measures, particularly in smoke-free environments and health warnings. However, there are gaps in cessation support and the use of tobacco taxes for health purposes. The country has also taken steps to increase the affordability of cigarettes through taxation, but subnational laws are limited in scope. Overall, Georgia's MPOWER compliance reflects a moderate level of tobacco control efforts.