构建亚太风能供应链_实现_1.5°C_全球气候目标（英）_134页_8mb

This report evaluates the Asia Pacific Wind Energy Supply Chain in the context of the urgent need to triple renewable energy capacity by 2030 to meet the 1.5°C global climate target set at COP28. It explores bottlenecks and opportunities across six target countries (Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines, South Korea, and Vietnam), highlighting that without a coordinated regional approach, APAC risks supply shortages for key wind components by 2030, slowing progress on decarbonization.

Key Findings:

1. Regional Market Leadership: Onshore wind is dominated by China (85% of APAC nacelle assembly) and India. Offshore wind is concentrated in fixed-bottom technology with limited regional diversity.
2. Critical Bottlenecks: Without China and India, major gaps emerge in gearboxes, blades, generators, and power converters by 2029-2030. Offshore balance-of-plant (e.g., foundations, cables) and floating wind vessels also face shortages.
3. Transition Industries: APAC has industries (e.g., shipbuilding, oil & gas EPC, electronics) with skills that can pivot to wind supply chain roles, reducing reliance on imports.
4. Policy Imperatives: Strengthening regional collaboration, relaxing cabotage rules, and increasing supply chain transparency are crucial to de-risk investments and unlock faster deployment.

Country-Specific Strengths:

• Australia: Strong O&M expertise, ports, and workforce for onshore wind; opportunities in floating wind.
• Indonesia: Growing turbine imports, potential for local content rules, and nickel/copper reserves.
• Japan: Leading in electronics, cables, and floating platforms; skilled workforce.
• Philippines: Export markets and port development; strong seafarer workforce.
• South Korea: Robust shipbuilding and steel industries; electrical/electronic manufacturing.
• Vietnam: Rapidly scaling wind turbine manufacturing and strong copper/mineral reserves.

Seven Critical Recommendations:

1. Regional Scale-Up: Prioritize cross-border collaboration to build resilient supply chains (e.g., nacelles, towers, foundations).
2. Existing Trade Leverage: Use multilateral agreements (ASEAN, RCEP) to streamline resource sharing.

graph TD
  A[APAC Supply Chain Challenges] --> B[Onshore Wind: Major bottlenecks in gearboxes, blades]
  A --> C[Offshore Wind: Limited floating platforms, heavy-lift vessels]
  A --> D[Transition Opportunity: Shipbuilding, Electronics Pivot]
  B --> E[Nacelle: China/India Dominance → 2029+ Shortages]
  C --> F[Offshore Foundations: Vietnam/Indonesia Gaps]
  D --> G[Electronics/Electrical: Modular Designs for Global Reach]

3. Credible Markets: Ensure 15-year auction pipelines with clear regulatory and grid expansion plans.
4. Transition Action: Mobilize industries (e.g., oil/gas EPC) to pivot toward wind components.
5. Capacity Outside Auctions: Subsidize critical material processing (e.g., rare earths, copper) to reduce import reliance.
6. International Collaboration: Deploy floating wind clusters with shared certification to accelerate deployment.
7. Public Policy: Tie wind targets to national energy plans and secure multilateral financing commitments.

Conclusion

APAC’s wind supply chain is pivotal for meeting global climate goals. Urgent action through regional diversification, skills upskilling, and policy reforms can unlock the region’s technical potential, enabling a rapid, cost-effective transition to renewable energy while creating economic opportunities.