世界银行-将普及无障碍纳入塞内加尔建筑环境主流：实用指南塞内加尔（英）-2024-36页_6mb

Purpose of the Guide

This practical guide aims to mainstream Universal Accessibility (UA) in Senegal's built environment by improving the consideration of disabilities in construction, urban planning, and development projects. It draws from real-world case studies, such as the Saint-Louis Emergency Recovery and Resilience Project (SERRP), and emphasizes the need to address challenges like social exclusion, lack of regulatory enforcement, and resource constraints to ensure inclusive urban development.

Key Why is this Guide Essential?

Senegal faces significant barriers in integrating UA due to its fragmented urban planning, insufficient regulatory frameworks, and limited inclusion of Persons with Disabilities (OPDs). Persons with disabilities are disproportionately affected by inequalities, stigmatization, and accessibility gaps in infrastructure, transport, and services. This guide fills a critical gap by providing actionable recommendations rooted in human-centered design and a continuous accessibility chain.

Identified Challenges

• Participation and Contextualization: Limited involvement of OPDs in design processes and need to align UA with local building practices like self-construction.
• Regulatory and Monitoring Gaps: Unclear translation of laws into decrees, weak enforcement of accessibility standards like the Construction Code, and inadequate control mechanisms.
• Resource and Coordination Issues: Financial constraints, lack of technical skills among urban professionals, and disjointed urban fragmentation make long-term UA implementation difficult. Additionally, flooding risks from climate change exacerbate accessibility challenges in coastal regions.

Methodological Recommendations

• Adopt a Contextualized Approach: Prioritize low-cost solutions, such as ramps over stairs where feasible, and integrate accessibility early in project planning. Ensure regulations are adapted to local contexts and regularly updated with international standards like ISO 21542.
• Policy Actions: Strengthen legal frameworks, enforce UA specifications in procurement, and involve OPDs in monitoring and control to ensure compliance and user feedback.
• Stakeholder Engagement: Embed participation of OPDs and users in all phases, from programming to post-handover monitoring, to address diverse needs.
• Training and Capacity Building: Equip construction professionals with UA expertise through education and ongoing training to foster sustainable implementation.

Contextualizing Disability and Accessibility in Senegal

Disability prevalence is estimated at 6.8% of Senegalese adults, with varying regional rates. Legal milestones include the 2010 Social Orientation Law and CRPD ratification, which provide a foundation but face enforcement gaps. Cross-sector stakeholders, including government agencies, OPDs, and development partners, share responsibilities to promote social equity and UA in urban operations.

Operationalizing Universal Accessibility

This section details practical design recommendations for neighborhoods, public infrastructure, and buildings. Key elements include ensuring a continuous accessibility chain via the RECU approach (Reach, Enter, Circulate, Use), incorporating features like ramps, tactile surfaces, and accessible signage, and retrofitting existing structures for inclusivity. Climate-resilient designs and quality management through maintenance and emergency evacuation plans are emphasized.

Cross-Cutting Issues

• Material and Maintenance Choices: Use sustainable, local materials and implement regular upkeep to sustain accessibility features.
• Feedback Mechanisms: Establish user surveys and complaints processes to adapt designs to evolving needs.

References

For detailed guidelines and legal references, consult the appended regulations, case studies, and international standards relevant to Senegal's context.