2011年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Senegal_Country_Profile_2007_15页_1mb

Senegal Country Profile 2007 Summary

Core Content

The Senegal Country Profile 2007 is part of the World Bank Group's Enterprise Surveys, which aim to evaluate the business environment and firm performance in various countries. The report provides an in-depth analysis of key indicators across different sectors and firm sizes, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities for businesses in Senegal compared to its regional and income group benchmarks.

Main Topics Covered

• Business Environment Obstacles
• Average Firm Characteristics
• Infrastructure Quality and Access
• Trade Practices and Costs
• Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing
• Corruption and Informal Payments
• Crime and Informality
• Finance and Investment
• Innovation and Workforce Composition

Key Findings

Business Environment Obstacles

• Firms in Senegal face significant challenges in their business environment, which affect productivity and growth.
• The top business environment obstacles include corruption, inefficiencies in regulations, and access to infrastructure services.
• Senegal's business environment is generally less favorable compared to the regional average in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), especially for large firms.

Average Firm

• The average firm in Senegal is relatively young, with an age of 11.1 years.
• Female participation in management is not reported (N/A), but female participation in ownership is 26.3%.
• The domestic private sector dominates firm ownership with 95.4% of firms, followed by foreign private sector (4.3%), and a small percentage of government/state-owned firms (0.2%).

Infrastructure

• Electricity supply is a major concern, with 11.8 power outages per month and 5% of sales lost due to these outages.
• Water shortages occur 6.9 times per month, with an average duration of 4.3 hours.
• Delays in obtaining infrastructure services are high, with 9.4 days for electricity, 14.1 days for water, and 8.9 days for telephone connections.

Trade

• 13.4% of firms in Senegal are exporters, with 45.7% of manufacturing firms using foreign inputs.
• Customs clearance for imports takes 8.9 days, while for exports it takes 7.4 days.
• Losses during exports due to theft and breakage are relatively low, at 1.2% and 2.3% respectively.

Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

• The time to obtain permits is high, especially for construction-related permits (38.5 days).
• Government regulation requires firms to spend 2.9% of senior management time on compliance.
• Tax inspections occur on average 1.3 times per year for small firms, 1.1 times for medium firms, and 2.0 times for large firms.
• Shareholding companies are rare in Senegal, with only 17.8% of firms being closed shareholding companies.

Corruption

• Corruption is a major issue, with firms often expected to make informal payments.
• Graft Index is 8.5 for Senegal, indicating a moderate level of corruption.
• Gifts to secure government contracts are expected by 36.3% of firms.
• Informal payments for import licenses are expected by 8.6% of firms, while 21.1% are expected to pay for operating licenses.

Crime and Informality

• Firms perceive the court system as fair in 55.4% of cases.
• Security costs are 0.7% of sales on average, and 0.5% of sales are lost due to theft, robbery, and vandalism.
• Informality is significant, with 78.9% of firms being formally registered at startup, suggesting a large informal sector.

Finance

• Internal finance is the primary source for investment, with 72.7% of firms relying on it.
• Bank finance accounts for 11.1%, and trade credit for 2.9%.
• Collateral requirements are high, with 127.1% of the loan amount needed on average.
• Access to banking services is moderate, with 15.3% of firms having bank loans or lines of credit and 83.4% having checking or savings accounts.

Innovation and Workforce

• Quality certification is rare, with only 6.1% of firms having international recognition.
• Email usage for communication with clients and suppliers is 43.4%.
• Workforce composition shows that 2.5 average temporary workers and 14.1 permanent workers are employed.
• Female participation in full-time employment is 10.1%, with small firms having 8.9% and medium firms 14.9%.

Conclusion

The report highlights that Senegal's business environment is moderately challenging, with notable issues in corruption, infrastructure, and regulatory processes. Despite these obstacles, the country has a strong domestic private sector and moderate access to financial services. The informal sector is a concern, and innovation and technology adoption remain limited. The data collected by the Enterprise Surveys is valuable for policymakers and researchers to assess and improve the business climate in Senegal.