世界经济论坛-促进2025年有效的能源转型（英）-2025.6_71页_8mb

The 2025 Fostering Effective Energy Transition (ETI) report highlights moderate progress in global energy transition, with a 1.1% year-on-year increase in overall scores. Key findings:

Progress and Challenges: Clean energy investment reached nearly $2 trillion, up from $1 trillion in 2020, but fell short of the $5.6 trillion needed by 2030. Growth slowed to 11%, down from 24-29% in previous years, while geopolitical tensions, trade barriers, and financing constraints hindered momentum. Emissions reached a record high, and energy prices remained volatile, impacting equity and affordability.

Country and Regional Insights:

• Leaders: Sweden, Finland, Denmark lead in system performance, while China and the US show significant gains in transition readiness. Emerging Europe (e.g., Latvia) and Emerging Asia (e.g., China) made strides through policy and investment.
• Laggards: Sub-Saharan Africa faces challenges in energy access and financing, while advanced economies like the US grapple with equity and grid reliability. Regional trends show uneven progress, with high-income countries generally leading but lacking in equity dimensions.

System Performance and Transition Readiness:

• Security: Progress stagnated due to overreliance on imports and grid vulnerabilities.
• Equity: Scores rebounded slightly due to lower energy subsidies and prices.
• Sustainability: Gains included reduced emissions intensity and increased clean energy use, but off-track for 1.5°C goals.
• Transition Readiness: Growth slowed to 0.8% annually, with regulatory and infrastructure advancements offset by financing gaps.

Key Trends and Challenges:

• The energy transition is accelerating but fragmented, shaped by geopolitical risks, rising tariffs, and diverging national priorities.
• Multi-speed transitions require context-specific strategies, combining ambition with actual investment capacity.
• Energy security is redefined to include grid resilience, diversification, and affordability.

Priority Actions for a Sustainable Transition:

1. Adopt stable, adaptive policy frameworks to attract long-term investment and foster cooperation.
2. Modernize energy infrastructure (grids, storage, digitalization) to enhance efficiency and resilience.
3. Invest in skilled human capital to drive innovation and execution, particularly in clean technologies.
4. Accelerate clean technology commercialization, especially in hard-to-abate sectors like hydrogen and heavy industry.
5. Enhance capital investment in developing economies, leveraging blended financing and inclusive growth models.

Redefining Global Energy Systems:

• The energy landscape is fragmenting due to geoeconomic rivalries, localized supply chains, and diverging regulatory frameworks.
• Digitalization (AI, blockchain) is optimizing energy use but increasing power demand, requiring strategic risk management.
• Natural gas, once seen as a bridge fuel, is regaining relevance amid energy security concerns, though climate debates persist. Nuclear energy saw a rebound in some regions.
• Clean energy jobs surged, but financing gaps remain a barrier, especially in emerging markets.

Conclusion:
The energy transition remains ineven across regions, driven by conflicting priorities, financing challenges, and fragmented supply chains. Success depends on tailored approaches balancing ambition with delivery capabilities, fostering international cooperation, accelerating innovation and addressing the bankability gap in clean technology investment.