2018全球宜居城市调查报告（英文版）_12页_1mb

2018 Global Liveability Index Summary

Core Content

The Global Liveability Index 2018 report by The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) evaluates the liveability of 140 cities worldwide based on five key categories: stability, healthcare, culture and environment, education, and infrastructure. Each city is scored on a scale from 1 (intolerable) to 100 (ideal), with the overall liveability score derived from the weighted combination of these categories.

Main Findings

• Vienna ranks as the most liveable city for the first time in the survey's history, surpassing Melbourne, which had held the top spot for seven consecutive years.
• Osaka (Japan) rises to 3rd place, improving by 6 positions in six months due to better public transport and lower crime rates.
• Sydney (Australia) is ranked 5th, while Adelaide (Australia) is in 10th place. Copenhagen (Denmark) is the only other European city in the top ten.
• Stability has improved significantly across most regions, with a 2.5% increase in the past six months and a 1.3% increase over the past five years.
• The global average liveability score has increased by 0.15% over five years, but declined by 0.4% over the past decade due to terrorism and unrest.

Key Trends

• Top-tier cities (scores of 80 or more) have shown notable movement in rankings, with 40 of the 66 cities in this tier experiencing changes in the past year.
• Paris and Manchester saw the largest improvements in liveability and stability over the past 12 months, despite past terrorist attacks.
• Houston is the only top-tier city that saw a decline in its liveability score, primarily due to a drop in infrastructure ratings.
• Vienna and Melbourne are the only cities with scores above 98, with Vienna at 99.1 and Melbourne at 98.4.
• The bottom ten cities have liveability scores below 50, with Damascus (Syria) at 30.7 and Dhaka (Bangladesh) at 38.0. These cities are severely impacted by conflict, terrorism, and poor infrastructure.

Factors Affecting Liveability

• Stability is the most significant factor influencing liveability, with a 2.5% increase in the past six months.
• Infrastructure and healthcare also show improvements, with Osaka, Calgary, and Vancouver leading in these areas.
• Culture and environment scores are generally stable, though some cities like Caracas (Venezuela) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) have shown significant improvements.
• Education and public services are also key contributors, though some cities like Tripoli (Libya) and Harare (Zimbabwe) score poorly in these categories.

Top and Bottom Ten Cities

Top Ten Cities

Bottom Ten Cities

Key Insights

• Stability is the most critical factor in liveability, with improvements seen in most regions.
• Violent crime remains low in top-tier cities, with Austria and Japan recording some of the lowest murder rates globally.
• Global business centers like New York, London, and Paris suffer from higher crime, congestion, and transport issues, despite high overall liveability scores.
• The top-tier cities are generally mid-sized and in wealthier countries, with relatively low population densities, which contribute to better quality of life.
• Civil unrest, terrorism, and military conflict are major contributors to low liveability scores in cities like Damascus, Tripoli, and Colombo.
• The five biggest improvers over the past five years include Abidjan, Hanoi, Belgrade, Tehran, and Ho Chi Minh City, with Abidjan showing the most significant improvement.
• The five biggest decliners include Kiev, San Juan, Damascus, Caracas, and Asuncion, with Kiev experiencing a 12.6% drop in liveability.

Methodology

• The liveability score is calculated using over 30 qualitative and quantitative factors across five categories.
• Each factor is rated as acceptable, tolerable, uncomfortable, undesirable, or intolerable.
• Stability (25%), Healthcare (20%), Culture and Environment (25%), Education (10%), and Infrastructure (20%) are the weighted categories.
• The report includes interactive tools such as the Liveability Matrix, which provides a detailed breakdown of city rankings across all factors.
• A suggested allowance is provided for expatriates based on the liveability rating, with higher allowances for cities with lower ratings.

Conclusion

The 2018 Global Liveability Index highlights a return to relative global stability, with significant improvements in stability and safety across many cities. While Vienna has taken the top spot, Melbourne remains a strong contender. The report underscores the impact of conflict and terrorism on liveability, particularly in the bottom tier cities, and the role of infrastructure and healthcare in shaping the overall score.