2002-12-31-世界卫生组织-2003_GYTS_Country_Report_Slovakia_14页_172kb

GYTS Country Report: Slovakia, 2003

Core Content

This report provides an overview of the prevalence and impact of smoking among adolescents in Slovakia, based on the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) conducted in 2002-2003. It outlines the current situation, tobacco control legislation, and the effectiveness of prevention efforts in schools and through media campaigns.

Main Findings

Smoking Prevalence

• Ever smoked cigarettes: 64.3% of students, with boys (69.9%) significantly more likely to have ever smoked than girls (58.0%).
• Current smokers: 24.3% of students smoke cigarettes regularly.
• Current cigarette smokers predominantly use manufactured cigarettes (92.6%), with less than 1 in 5 using hand-rolled cigarettes.
• Regional differences:
  • Trnava had the lowest current smoking rate (21.0%).
  • Zilina had the highest rate of early initiation (27.3%).
  • Bratislava had the lowest rate of current smokers (6.4%).
  • Presov had the highest rate of current smokers (22.5%).

Use of Other Tobacco Products

• Other tobacco products: 12.8% of students use products other than cigarettes.
• Cigars are the most commonly used (11.7%), followed by pipe smoking (4.1%).
• Presov had the highest use of other tobacco products (15.4%), while Trnava had the lowest (7.7%).

Smoking Dependency and Susceptibility

• Smoking dependency: 11.8% of current smokers reported wanting a cigarette first thing in the morning.
• Susceptibility to start smoking: 22.9% of never smokers indicated they are likely to initiate smoking in the next year.
• Regional differences:
  • Trencin had the highest susceptibility (34.2%).
  • Presov had the lowest (17.5%).

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)

• Exposure to ETS at home:
  • Current smokers are significantly more exposed to ETS from fathers (61.2% vs 40.0%), mothers (50.4% vs 27.1%), siblings (44.3% vs 8.2%), and others (79.9% vs 58.2%) compared to never smokers.
• Exposure to ETS in public places:
  • Current smokers are more likely to be exposed to ETS (91.1% vs 77.2%).
  • Never smokers are more likely to believe that smoking should be banned in public places (92.2% vs 45.7%) and that ETS is harmful (58.8% vs 41.6%).

Knowledge and Attitudes

• Beliefs about smoking:
  • Less than one-quarter of both never and current smokers think that boys who smoke have more friends.
  • Less than one-fifth think that girls who smoke have more friends.
  • Current smokers are more likely to think that smoking makes boys and girls look more attractive than never smokers.
• Attitudes:
  • Never smokers are more likely to believe that smoking is harmful.
  • Current smokers are more likely to be exposed to ETS and to have friends who smoke.

School Curriculum

• Smoking education:
  • 69.4% of students had a class discussing the dangers of smoking.
  • 60.7% had a class on the effects of smoking.
  • 55.3% had a class discussing the reasons why people their age smoke.
• Regional differences:
  • Kosice had the highest percentage of students exposed to anti-smoking messages at sports events (62.7%) and community events (63.5%).
  • Bratislava had the lowest percentage of students exposed to anti-smoking messages on TV (23.9%) and radio (35.0%).

Key Information

Tobacco Control Legislation

• Act No. 67/1997 Coll. on Protection of Non-smokers:
  • Prohibits the sale of tobacco products in places accessible to children and youth.
  • Restricts sales in health service facilities, schools, and social care facilities.
• Act No. 147/2001 on Advertising:
  • Prohibits tobacco advertising on all information carriers and through free distribution of samples.
• Act No. 308/2000 on Transmission and Retransmission:
  • Prohibits tobacco advertising on television.
• Sponsoring: Not specifically regulated by law.

Survey Methodology

• Sample design: A two-stage cluster sampling method was used to collect data from 60 schools across Slovakia.
• Target population: Adolescents aged 13-15 years.
• Response rates:
  • School response rate: 98.3%
  • Pupil response rate: 87.4%
  • Overall response rate: 85.9%
• Data analysis: Used SUDAAN and Epi Info to calculate 95% confidence intervals.
• Survey administration: Conducted in classrooms with anonymous and voluntary participation.
• Fieldwork: Took place from December 2002 to January 2003.

Smoking Cessation

• Desire to quit: 64.0% of current smokers expressed a desire to quit.
• Attempts to quit: 80.8% of current smokers tried to quit this year.
• Received help: 71.9% of current smokers received help or advice to quit.

Conclusion

The GYTS report highlights the high prevalence of smoking among Slovak adolescents, with significant gender and regional disparities. While smoking is more common among boys, the trend of increasing smoking among girls is concerning. The data also reveal that current smokers are more exposed to ETS and less likely to support smoking bans in public places compared to never smokers. School-based education and media campaigns play a crucial role in shaping attitudes and knowledge about smoking, but there is a need for more targeted and effective prevention strategies to address the growing issue of youth smoking.