世界银行-实现巴基斯坦二级城市的潜力（英）-2024.6-106页_6mb

The study analyzes Pakistan's secondary cities, defined as urban centers with over 100,000 inhabitants excluding provincial capitals. These cities, totaling 166 according to satellite data versus 85 in census records, house approximately 36% of the country's urban population and are experiencing rapid growth driven primarily by natural increase. Their expansion is often unplanned, resulting in low-density sprawl that strains infrastructure and increases vulnerability to climate and environmental hazards.

Key findings highlight severe deficiencies in municipal services like water supply, sanitation, and solid waste management across sample cities, compounded by under-resourced local governments and weak institutional frameworks. Recommendations advocate for fundamental reforms, strengthening municipal finance through better UIPT collection, increased OSR, and fiscal transfers, while enhancing institutional accountability and capacity, and integrating climate resilience into urban planning.